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قواعد اللغة الإنجليزية

اللغة التقريبية: or so و-ish وgive or take

Vague language: or so, -ish and give or take

C1 · متقدم الإشارة إلى الأشخاص والأشياء الأسئلة ١٠

القاعدة

الدقة ليست طبيعية دائمًا. فالمحادثة تقرّب وتلطّف باللغة التقريبية: about وroughly وfifty or so وfifty-odd وgive or take وsevenish وin her forties وa couple of، وللفئات and things like that وor something وsort of وand stuff. و-ish تلطّف الصفات أيضًا: greenish. وفي الكتابة الرسمية: approximately وsome 300 people وin the region of.

النمط

numbers / time: about · around · roughly · fifty or so · fifty-odd · give or take · sevenish · in her forties · a couple of · categories: and things like that · or something · sort of · kind of · and stuff (informal) · formal: approximately · some + number · in the region of

أمثلة

  1. There were fifty or so people at the meeting.

    كان هناك نحو خمسين شخصًا في الاجتماع.

  2. Let’s meet at sevenish, if that suits you.

    لنلتقِ نحو السابعة، إن كان ذلك يناسبك.

  3. It takes an hour, give or take ten minutes.

    يستغرق ساعة، بزيادة أو نقصان عشر دقائق.

  4. Some 200 people were evacuated from the building.

    أُجلي نحو مئتي شخص من المبنى.

أخطاء شائعة

  • خطأ: Report: About fifty-ish people attended.

    صحيح: Report: Approximately fifty people attended.

    في الكتابة الرسمية approximately لا -ish.

  • خطأ: There were fifty or something people.

    صحيح: There were fifty or so people.

    مع الأعداد تُقال or so.

  • خطأ: She is in the forties.

    صحيح: She is in her forties.

    نطاق العمر: in her forties.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

  1. ١اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    ماذا تعني sevenish؟

    Come round at sevenish.

    1. Before seven at the latest
    2. At about seven o’clock
    3. Seven times
    4. At exactly seven o’clock
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب At about seven o’clock

    -ish مع الوقت = تقريبًا.

  2. ٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    1. There were thirty or something people at the party.
    2. There were thirty or so people at the party.
    3. There were thirty so or people at the party.
    4. There were thirty or around people at the party.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب There were thirty or so people at the party.

    العدد مع or so = نحو ذلك.

  3. ٣أكمل الفراغ.

    The journey takes three hours, give or _____.

    1. taking
    2. take
    3. took
    4. get
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب The journey takes three hours, give or take.

    give or take = بزيادة أو نقصان.

  4. ٤حوّل الجملة.

    اكتبها لتقرير رسمي.

    Fifty-ish people signed the petition.

    1. Fifty or something people signed the petition.
    2. Like fifty people signed the petition.
    3. Fifty-ish people signed the petition, basically.
    4. Approximately fifty people signed the petition.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: د Approximately fifty people signed the petition.

    التقريب الرسمي: approximately.

  5. ٥اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    ما الطبيعي في المحادثة؟

    Describing someone’s age.

    1. He is thirty-five years of age, approximately.
    2. His age is approximately thirty-five years.
    3. He is aged between thirty-four and thirty-six years.
    4. He’s in his mid-thirties, I think.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: د He’s in his mid-thirties, I think.

    المحادثة تفضّل النطاق التقريبي.

  6. ٦رتّب الكلمات لتكوين جملة صحيحة.

    We talked about work and things like that

    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: We talked about work and things like that.

    and things like that تختم القائمة بشكل تقريبي.

  7. ٧هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

    She is in the fifties, I think.

    1. She is in her fifties, I think.
    2. She is in fifty, I think.
    3. She is on her fifties, I think.
    4. She is in the her fifties, I think.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: أ She is in her fifties, I think.

    نطاق العمر: in her fifties.

  8. ٨اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    ماذا تعني a couple of هنا؟

    I’ll be there in a couple of minutes.

    1. Exactly two
    2. A long time
    3. About two, maybe a few
    4. Two people
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ج About two, maybe a few

    a couple of = نحو اثنين.

  9. ٩أكمل الفراغ.

    أنت تكتب تقريرًا إخباريًّا.

    _____ 300 homes were left without electricity.

    1. Some
    2. Something
    3. Ish
    4. Or so
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: أ Some 300 homes were left without electricity.

    Some مع العدد = نحو (رسمية).

  10. ١٠اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    1. The walls were a sort of greenish grey.
    2. The walls were a greenish sort grey.
    3. The walls were a sort of green-ish greyly.
    4. The walls were sort of a greenish greyish kind.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: أ The walls were a sort of greenish grey.

    -ish تلطّف اللون: greenish.

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