and, but, or
The rule
Three small words join what you already know into something that sounds like a sentence rather than a list. and adds (bread and milk), but contrasts (English is difficult, but I like it), or offers a choice (tea or coffee?). They join words as easily as whole sentences, and nothing else in either half changes.
A and B · A but B · A or B
Examples
I need some bread and some milk.
I like tea, but not coffee.
Is this dish hot or cold?
English is difficult, but I like it.
Common mistakes
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Wrong: I have a cough. And a cold.
Right: I have a cough and a cold.
and joins inside one sentence; it does not start a second one at A0.
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Wrong: Tea and coffee? — as a choice
Right: Tea or coffee?
A choice between two takes or. and would mean you want both.
Practice questions
Try each one yourself first, then open “Show answer” for the solution and the reason.
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1Fill in the gap.
I have a cough _____ a cold.
- with
- and
- or
- but
Show answer
Answer: B I have a cough and a cold.
Adding a second thing → and.
-
2Fill in the gap.
I like tea, _____ not coffee.
- or
- so
- but
- and
Show answer
Answer: C I like tea, but not coffee.
A contrast → but.
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3Fill in the gap.
Would you like tea _____ coffee?
- with
- but
- or
- and
Show answer
Answer: C Would you like tea or coffee?
A choice → or.
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4Fill in the gap.
The kitchen is small _____ good.
- but
- or
- and
- so
Show answer
Answer: A The kitchen is small but good.
Small is a problem, good is not → but.
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5Choose the correct sentence.
- I work in the morning and I study in the evening.
- I work in the morning and studying in the evening.
- I work in the morning but I study in the evening too.
- I work in the morning. And I study in the evening.
Show answer
Answer: A I work in the morning and I study in the evening.
and can join two whole sentences too.
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6Choose the correct sentence.
- English is difficult and I like it not.
- English is difficult, but I like it.
- English is difficult but, I like it.
- English is difficult or I like it.
Show answer
Answer: B English is difficult, but I like it.
A comma goes before but when it joins two sentences.
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7Put the words in the right order.
I speak Arabic and a little English
Show answer
Answer: I speak Arabic and a little English.
and joins the two things directly.
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8Put the words in the right order.
Is this hot or cold
Show answer
Answer: Is this hot or cold?
A two-way choice → or.
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9This sentence is wrong. Choose the fix.
Which sentence is wrong?
- I like tea and coffee.
- I like tea, but not coffee.
- Do you want tea or coffee?
- I like tea, and not coffee.
Show answer
Answer: D I like tea, and not coffee.
and adds; it cannot mark a contrast.
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10Fill in the gap.
My wife _____ I are learning English.
- but
- or
- with
- and
Show answer
Answer: D My wife and I are learning English.
Two people together → and.
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