had done: الماضي الأسبق

أمثلة

1. When we arrived, the film had already started.

   عندما وصلنا كان الفيلم قد بدأ فعلًا.

2. She could not get in because she had lost her key.

   لم تستطع الدخول لأنها كانت قد أضاعت مفتاحها.

3. By the time the doctor came, the pain had stopped.

   حين جاء الطبيب كان الألم قد توقّف.

4. I had never seen so much snow before that winter.

   لم أرَ ثلجًا بهذه الكثرة قبل ذلك الشتاء.

أخطاء شائعة

• ✗خطأ: When I arrived, the meeting already started.

  ✓صحيح: When I arrived, the meeting had already started.

  الحدث الأسبق من بين حدثين ماضيين يأخذ had + التصريف الثالث.

• ✗خطأ: He had went home early.

  ✓صحيح: He had gone home early.

  بعد had نحتاج التصريف الثالث لا الماضي البسيط.

• ✗خطأ: I had eaten lunch and then I had gone out.

  ✓صحيح: I had eaten lunch and then I went out.

  حين يوضّح then الترتيب يكفي الماضي البسيط في الفعل الثاني.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

1. ١اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أThe shop had close by the time I got there.
   2. بThe shop had closed by the time I got there.
   3. جThe shop has closed by the time I got there.
   4. دThe shop closed by the time I had got there.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب The shop had closed by the time I got there.

   الإغلاق سبق الوصول، فيأخذ had + التصريف الثالث.

2. ٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أShe told me she has already eaten.
   2. بShe told me she already eat.
   3. جShe told me she had already eaten.
   4. دShe told me she had already ate.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج She told me she had already eaten.

   أكلها سبق إخبارها.

3. ٣اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أI had never drive a van before that day.
   2. بI had never driven a van before that day.
   3. جI have never driven a van before that day.
   4. دI never drove a van before that day for the first time.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب I had never driven a van before that day.

   before that day تحدد نقطة في الماضي، والخبرة تسبقها.

4. ٤اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أAfter he had signed the form, he had posted it.
   2. بAfter he has signed the form, he posted it.
   3. جAfter he sign the form, he had posted it.
   4. دAfter he had signed the form, he posted it.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د After he had signed the form, he posted it.

   الفعل الأسبق وحده يحتاج الماضي التام، والتالي في الماضي البسيط.

5. ٥أكمل الفراغ.

   The room was empty; everyone _____ home.

   1. أhad gone
   2. بhad went
   3. جwas gone home
   4. دhas gone
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ The room was empty; everyone had gone home.

   مغادرتهم سبقت العثور على الغرفة فارغة.

6. ٦أكمل الفراغ.

   I did not recognise her because she _____ her hair.

   1. أhad cut
   2. بwas cut
   3. جhad cutted
   4. دhas cut
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ I did not recognise her because she had cut her hair.

   قصّ الشعر سبق وفسّر الحدث الثاني.

7. ٧أكمل الفراغ.

   By the time the ambulance arrived, he _____ up.

   1. أhad woken
   2. بhad wake
   3. جhas woken
   4. دwas woken
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ By the time the ambulance arrived, he had woken up.

   By the time … تُدخل عادةً الماضي التام.

8. ٨أكمل الفراغ.

   They _____ each other for years before they married.

   1. أhad known
   2. بhad knew
   3. جhad been knowing
   4. دhave known
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ They had known each other for years before they married.

   know فعل حالة، فنقول had known لا had been knowing.

9. ٩رتّب الكلمات لتكوين جملة صحيحة.

   The train had already left when we arrived

   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: The train had already left when we arrived.

   already تقع بين had والتصريف الثالث.

10. ١٠رتّب الكلمات لتكوين جملة صحيحة.

    She had not told anyone about the letter

    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: She had not told anyone about the letter.

    يأتي النفي بين had والتصريف الثالث.