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Engelse grammatica

had done: het verleden vóór het verleden

had done: the earlier past

B1 · Middenniveau Werkwoorden en tijd Vragen 10

De regel

Wanneer u al in het verleden vertelt en nog een stap terug moet, gebruikt u had + het voltooid deelwoord. The train had left when we arrived betekent dat het vertrek eerst kwam. Er verandert niets met de persoon: had voor iedereen. U hebt het alleen nodig als de VOLGORDE anders onduidelijk is; na after, before en then is die volgorde al duidelijk en volstaat de past simple. Het maakt van I did not have my card ook de reden: I could not pay because I had left my card at home.

Patroon

had + past participle · By the time we arrived, the train had left.

Voorbeelden

  1. When we arrived, the film had already started.

    Toen we aankwamen, was de film al begonnen.

  2. She could not get in because she had lost her key.

    Zij kon er niet in omdat ze haar sleutel verloren was.

  3. By the time the doctor came, the pain had stopped.

    Tegen de tijd dat de dokter kwam, was de pijn opgehouden.

  4. I had never seen so much snow before that winter.

    Ik had voor die winter nog nooit zoveel sneeuw gezien.

Veelgemaakte fouten

  • Fout: When I arrived, the meeting already started.

    Goed: When I arrived, the meeting had already started.

    De vroegste van twee gebeurtenissen in het verleden krijgt had + deelwoord.

  • Fout: He had went home early.

    Goed: He had gone home early.

    Na had hebt u de derde vorm nodig, niet de past simple.

  • Fout: I had eaten lunch and then I had gone out.

    Goed: I had eaten lunch and then I went out.

    Zodra then de volgorde duidelijk maakt, is het tweede werkwoord gewoon past simple.

Oefenvragen

Probeer elke vraag eerst zelf en open dan „Toon antwoord” voor de oplossing en de reden.

  1. 1Kies de juiste zin.

    1. The shop had close by the time I got there.
    2. The shop had closed by the time I got there.
    3. The shop has closed by the time I got there.
    4. The shop closed by the time I had got there.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B The shop had closed by the time I got there.

    Het sluiten kwam vóór het aankomen, dus had + deelwoord.

  2. 2Kies de juiste zin.

    1. She told me she has already eaten.
    2. She told me she already eat.
    3. She told me she had already eaten.
    4. She told me she had already ate.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: C She told me she had already eaten.

    Haar eten kwam vóór haar vertellen.

  3. 3Kies de juiste zin.

    1. I had never drive a van before that day.
    2. I had never driven a van before that day.
    3. I have never driven a van before that day.
    4. I never drove a van before that day for the first time.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B I had never driven a van before that day.

    before that day zet een punt in het verleden, en de ervaring ligt daarvóór.

  4. 4Kies de juiste zin.

    1. After he had signed the form, he had posted it.
    2. After he has signed the form, he posted it.
    3. After he sign the form, he had posted it.
    4. After he had signed the form, he posted it.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D After he had signed the form, he posted it.

    Alleen de eerdere handeling heeft de past perfect nodig; de latere is past simple.

  5. 5Vul het gat in.

    The room was empty; everyone _____ home.

    1. had gone
    2. had went
    3. was gone home
    4. has gone
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A The room was empty; everyone had gone home.

    Hun vertrek gebeurde vóórdat de kamer leeg werd aangetroffen.

  6. 6Vul het gat in.

    I did not recognise her because she _____ her hair.

    1. had cut
    2. was cut
    3. had cutted
    4. has cut
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A I did not recognise her because she had cut her hair.

    De knipbeurt kwam eerst en verklaart de tweede gebeurtenis.

  7. 7Vul het gat in.

    By the time the ambulance arrived, he _____ up.

    1. had woken
    2. had wake
    3. has woken
    4. was woken
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A By the time the ambulance arrived, he had woken up.

    By the time … leidt bijna altijd een past perfect in.

  8. 8Vul het gat in.

    They _____ each other for years before they married.

    1. had known
    2. had knew
    3. had been knowing
    4. have known
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A They had known each other for years before they married.

    know is een toestandswerkwoord, dus had known en niet had been knowing.

  9. 9Zet de woorden in de juiste volgorde.

    The train had already left when we arrived

    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: The train had already left when we arrived.

    already staat tussen had en het deelwoord.

  10. 10Zet de woorden in de juiste volgorde.

    She had not told anyone about the letter

    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: She had not told anyone about the letter.

    De ontkenning staat tussen had en het deelwoord.

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