إلى أي شيء تشير this وthat وsuch

أمثلة

1. They changed the date twice. This is why nobody came.

   غيّروا الموعد مرتين، ولهذا لم يحضر أحد.

2. No such clause appears in the copy I was sent.

   لا يرد بند كهذا في النسخة التي وصلتني.

3. We were offered two flats; the latter had a garden.

   عُرضت علينا شقتان، وللأخيرة حديقة.

4. The old boiler was noisy; the new one is silent.

   كانت الغلاية القديمة صاخبة، والجديدة صامتة.

أخطاء شائعة

• ✗خطأ: They cancelled twice. It is what people object to.

  ✓صحيح: They cancelled twice. This is what people object to.

  this تشير إلى جملة كاملة، وit وحدها غامضة هنا.

• ✗خطأ: I have never seen such a delays before.

  ✓صحيح: I have never seen such delays before.

  such a مع المفرد، والجمع يأخذ such وحدها.

• ✗خطأ: I need a pen. Do you have a one?

  ✓صحيح: I need a pen. Do you have one?

  one تنوب عن الاسم ولا تأخذ أداة هنا.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

1. ١اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أThe letter arrived three weeks late. This is the whole problem.
   2. بThe letter arrived three weeks late. These is the whole problem.
   3. جThe letter arrived three weeks late. Those is the whole problem.
   4. دThe letter arrived late. This are the whole problem.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ The letter arrived three weeks late. This is the whole problem.

   This تشير إلى الموقف كله.

2. ٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أThere is not such thing as a free survey.
   2. بThere is no such things as a free survey.
   3. جThere is no such a thing as a free survey.
   4. دThere is no such thing as a free survey.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د There is no such thing as a free survey.

   no such thing عبارة ثابتة.

3. ٣اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أWe looked at a flat and a house; former was cheaper.
   2. بWe looked at a flat and a house; the first was cheaper one.
   3. جWe looked at a flat and a house; the former one was cheaper than.
   4. دWe looked at a flat and a house; the former was cheaper.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د We looked at a flat and a house; the former was cheaper.

   the former هو الأول من اثنين.

4. ٤أكمل الفراغ.

   The blue folders are current; the red _____ are archived.

   1. أone
   2. بones
   3. جthose one
   4. دthem
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب The blue folders are current; the red ones are archived.

   ones تنوب عن جمع معدود.

5. ٥أكمل الفراغ.

   She asked me to sign it and I _____ .

   1. أdid it so
   2. بdid so
   3. جdid such
   4. دmade so
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب She asked me to sign it and I did so .

   do so تنوب عن جملة فعلية كاملة.

6. ٦أكمل الفراغ.

   I have never had _____ trouble with a delivery.

   1. أsuch
   2. بso a
   3. جso
   4. دsuch a
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ I have never had such trouble with a delivery.

   such قبل اسم غير معدود.

7. ٧أكمل الفراغ.

   Two firms quoted; _____ was considerably cheaper.

   1. أthe later
   2. بlater
   3. جthe latter
   4. دthe last
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج Two firms quoted; the latter was considerably cheaper.

   the latter هو الثاني من اثنين.

8. ٨أكمل الفراغ.

   They refused, and _____ was the end of it.

   1. أit was
   2. بthese
   3. جthose
   4. دthat
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د They refused, and that was the end of it.

   that تشير إلى الحدث كله.

9. ٩هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

   أي جملة خاطئة؟

   1. أI read both reports. The latter was clearer.
   2. بOf the two reports, the latter was clearer.
   3. جI read both reports. The second was clearer.
   4. دI read both reports. The latter one of the two were clearer.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د I read both reports. The latter one of the two were clearer.

   the latter مفرد معرّف أصلًا.

10. ١٠هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

    أي جملة خاطئة؟

    1. أIt was such a heavy rain that the drains failed.
    2. بIt was such heavy rain that the drains failed.
    3. جThe rain was so heavy that the drains failed.
    4. دThere was such heavy rain that the drains failed.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: أ It was such a heavy rain that the drains failed.

    rain غير معدود فلا تأخذ a.