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Engelse grammatica

Waar this, that en such naar wijzen

What this, that and such are pointing at

B2 · Gevorderd Verwijzen naar mensen en dingen Vragen 10

De regel

Een tekst hangt samen doordat elke zin terugwijst. This en that kunnen naar een hele zin verwijzen, niet alleen naar een zelfstandig naamwoord. Such verwijst naar een soort. The former en the latter kiezen de eerste en de tweede van twee. One en ones vermijden herhaling.

Patroon

this / that + clause reference · such (a) + noun · the former / the latter · one / ones · do so / do it

Voorbeelden

  1. They changed the date twice. This is why nobody came.

    Ze wijzigden de datum twee keer. Daarom kwam er niemand.

  2. No such clause appears in the copy I was sent.

    Zo’n clausule staat niet in de kopie die ik kreeg.

  3. We were offered two flats; the latter had a garden.

    We kregen twee flats aangeboden; de laatste had een tuin.

  4. The old boiler was noisy; the new one is silent.

    De oude ketel maakte lawaai; de nieuwe is stil.

Veelgemaakte fouten

  • Fout: They cancelled twice. It is what people object to.

    Goed: They cancelled twice. This is what people object to.

    this kan naar een hele zin verwijzen; een kaal it is hier vaag.

  • Fout: I have never seen such a delays before.

    Goed: I have never seen such delays before.

    such a bij enkelvoud; bij meervoud alleen such.

  • Fout: I need a pen. Do you have a one?

    Goed: I need a pen. Do you have one?

    one vervangt het zelfstandig naamwoord en krijgt hier geen lidwoord.

Oefenvragen

Probeer elke vraag eerst zelf en open dan „Toon antwoord” voor de oplossing en de reden.

  1. 1Kies de juiste zin.

    1. The letter arrived three weeks late. This is the whole problem.
    2. The letter arrived three weeks late. These is the whole problem.
    3. The letter arrived three weeks late. Those is the whole problem.
    4. The letter arrived late. This are the whole problem.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A The letter arrived three weeks late. This is the whole problem.

    This verwijst naar de hele situatie.

  2. 2Kies de juiste zin.

    1. There is not such thing as a free survey.
    2. There is no such things as a free survey.
    3. There is no such a thing as a free survey.
    4. There is no such thing as a free survey.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D There is no such thing as a free survey.

    no such thing is de vaste uitdrukking.

  3. 3Kies de juiste zin.

    1. We looked at a flat and a house; former was cheaper.
    2. We looked at a flat and a house; the first was cheaper one.
    3. We looked at a flat and a house; the former one was cheaper than.
    4. We looked at a flat and a house; the former was cheaper.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D We looked at a flat and a house; the former was cheaper.

    the former is de eerste van twee.

  4. 4Vul het gat in.

    The blue folders are current; the red _____ are archived.

    1. one
    2. ones
    3. those one
    4. them
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B The blue folders are current; the red ones are archived.

    ones vervangt een telbaar meervoud.

  5. 5Vul het gat in.

    She asked me to sign it and I _____ .

    1. did it so
    2. did so
    3. did such
    4. made so
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B She asked me to sign it and I did so .

    do so vervangt een hele werkwoordgroep.

  6. 6Vul het gat in.

    I have never had _____ trouble with a delivery.

    1. such
    2. so a
    3. so
    4. such a
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A I have never had such trouble with a delivery.

    such voor een ontelbaar woord.

  7. 7Vul het gat in.

    Two firms quoted; _____ was considerably cheaper.

    1. the later
    2. later
    3. the latter
    4. the last
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: C Two firms quoted; the latter was considerably cheaper.

    the latter is de tweede van twee.

  8. 8Vul het gat in.

    They refused, and _____ was the end of it.

    1. it was
    2. these
    3. those
    4. that
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D They refused, and that was the end of it.

    that verwijst naar de hele gebeurtenis.

  9. 9Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

    Welke zin is fout?

    1. I read both reports. The latter was clearer.
    2. Of the two reports, the latter was clearer.
    3. I read both reports. The second was clearer.
    4. I read both reports. The latter one of the two were clearer.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D I read both reports. The latter one of the two were clearer.

    the latter is al enkelvoud en bepaald.

  10. 10Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

    Welke zin is fout?

    1. It was such a heavy rain that the drains failed.
    2. It was such heavy rain that the drains failed.
    3. The rain was so heavy that the drains failed.
    4. There was such heavy rain that the drains failed.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A It was such a heavy rain that the drains failed.

    rain is ontelbaar, dus geen a.

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