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How do you use the word “er” in Dutch?

3 min readPublished 9 October 2026

Short answer

The small word er does four main jobs in Dutch:

  1. Place — “there”: Ik woon er al tien jaar. (I’ve lived there for ten years.)
  2. “There is / there are” — introducing something new: Er staat een fiets voor de deur. (There’s a bike in front of the door.)
  3. Quantity — “of them”, with numbers and amounts: Ik heb er drie. (I have three [of them].)
  4. Preposition + “it/them” — erop, ermee, erover: Ik denk erover na. (I’m thinking about it.)

It also appears in passive sentences without a clear subject: Er wordt gedanst (People are dancing). Most learners find er confusing because English uses different words for each job — or no word at all.

1. Er as “there” (place)

Er is the unstressed form of daar (there). It refers back to a place already mentioned:

  • — Ben je in Utrecht geweest? — Ja, ik ben er vorig jaar geweest.

    — Have you been to Utrecht? — Yes, I was there last year.

  • Ik ken die winkel. Ik koop er vaak brood.

    I know that shop. I often buy bread there.

Use daar when you want to stress or point: Daar woon ik!

2. Er for “there is / there are”

When the subject is new and indefinite (een, a number, or no article), Dutch starts with er:

  • Er is een probleem.

    There’s a problem.

  • Er zijn veel mensen op straat.

    There are a lot of people in the street.

  • Er ligt een brief op tafel.

    There’s a letter on the table.

    with ligt, staat, zit, hangt

  • Er komt morgen een monteur.

    A technician is coming tomorrow.

    often with other verbs too

With a definite subject (de, het, deze, mijn, a name), do not use this er:

  • Not: Er is de bus.

    Better: De bus is er. / Daar is de bus.

3. Er with numbers and amounts

When you mention a quantity of something already named, Dutch needs er — English often says nothing:

  • — Heb je broers? — Ja, ik heb er twee.

    — Do you have brothers? — Yes, I have two.

  • Ik wil er nog een.

    I’d like another one.

  • Hoeveel appels heb je? — Ik heb er genoeg.

    How many apples do you have? — I have enough.

4. Er with prepositions

Dutch normally does not say op het, met het, over het when het means “it” (a thing). Instead it uses er + preposition:

Instead ofDutchEnglish
op heteropon it
met hetermeewith it
over heteroverabout it
aan heteraanto it / of it
van hetervanof it / from it
in heterinin it
  • Ik denk erover na.

    I’m thinking about it.

  • Wat doe je ermee?

    What are you doing with it?

  • Ik heb er geen zin in.

    I don’t feel like it.

    er … in, split

In longer sentences, er and the preposition are often split, with other words between them:

  • Ik heb er niet aan gedacht.

    I didn’t think of it.

  • Ze heeft er lang over nagedacht.

    She thought about it for a long time.

5. Er in passive sentences

When no subject is mentioned, er fills the first position:

  • Er wordt hier niet gerookt.

    There’s no smoking here.

  • Er werd veel gelachen.

    There was a lot of laughing.

More than one er in a sentence

Two different ers can appear in one sentence, each doing its own job:

  • Hoeveel studenten zijn er? — Er zijn er twintig.

    How many students are there? — There are twenty (of them).

    the first er = “there are”, the second = “of them”

When two jobs would put er twice side by side, Dutch says it only once: Woont er iemand? (Does anyone live there?) uses one er for both “there” and “there is”.

Common mistakes

  • Not: Ik denk over het.

    Better: Ik denk erover. / Ik denk erover na.

  • Not: — Heb je kinderen? — Ja, ik heb twee.

    Better: — Ja, ik heb er twee.

  • Not: Is een probleem.

    Better: Er is een probleem.

  • Not: Ik heb gedacht er niet aan.

    Better: Ik heb er niet aan gedacht.

In short

  • er = there (place), there is/are (new subjects), of them (quantities), and it/them with prepositions (erop, ermee, erover).
  • Use the “there is” er only with indefinite subjects.
  • With numbers, Dutch needs er where English says nothing.
  • er and its preposition often split: er … aan, er … over.

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