Een verleden dat niet gebeurd is

Voorbeelden

1. If we had left ten minutes earlier, we would have caught the train.

   Als we tien minuten eerder waren vertrokken, hadden we de trein gehaald.

2. She would not have signed it if she had read the second page.

   Ze had het niet getekend als ze de tweede pagina had gelezen.

3. Had the fault been reported in March, the repair would have been simple.

   Was het gebrek in maart gemeld, dan was de reparatie eenvoudig geweest.

4. They might have won if the referee had seen it.

   Ze hadden misschien gewonnen als de scheidsrechter het had gezien.

Veelgemaakte fouten

• ✗Fout: If I would have known, I would have said something.

  ✓Goed: If I had known, I would have said something.

  would staat nooit in de if-helft; de voorwaarde krijgt had + voltooid deelwoord.

• ✗Fout: If we had booked earlier, we would pay half.

  ✓Goed: If we had booked earlier, we would have paid half.

  Een voorwaarde in het verleden vraagt een gevolg in het verleden: would HAVE paid.

• ✗Fout: If had we known, we would have come.

  ✓Goed: Had we known, we would have come.

  Bij inversie verdwijnt if en komt niet terug.

Oefenvragen

Probeer elke vraag eerst zelf en open dan „Toon antwoord” voor de oplossing en de reden.

1. 1Kies de juiste zin.

   1. AIf you had told me, I would have helped.
   2. BIf you told me, I would have helped.
   3. CIf you would have told me, I would have helped.
   4. DIf you had told me, I would help.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: A If you had told me, I would have helped.

   Voorwaarde: had + deelwoord. Gevolg: would have + deelwoord.

2. 2Kies de juiste zin.

   1. AHad I known the rules, I would not applied.
   2. BIf had I known the rules, I would not have applied.
   3. CHad I known the rules, I would not have applied.
   4. DHad I know the rules, I would not have applied.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C Had I known the rules, I would not have applied.

   Inversie vervangt if volledig.

3. 3Kies de juiste zin.

   1. AWe can have avoided all of this.
   2. BWe could have avoided all of this.
   3. CWe could avoided all of this.
   4. DWe could have avoid all of this.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: B We could have avoided all of this.

   could have + deelwoord voor een niet-gerealiseerde mogelijkheid.

4. 4Vul het gat in.

   If the letter _____ on time, none of this would have happened.

   1. Aarrived
   2. Bhas arrived
   3. Chad arrived
   4. Dwould have arrived
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C If the letter had arrived on time, none of this would have happened.

   De if-helft krijgt de past perfect.

5. 5Vul het gat in.

   She _____ the job if she had asked for less money.

   1. Amight have get
   2. Bmay get
   3. Cmight have got
   4. Dmight get
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C She might have got the job if she had asked for less money.

   might have verzacht een onwerkelijk gevolg in het verleden.

6. 6Vul het gat in.

   _____ we realised sooner, we would have cancelled.

   1. AHave
   2. BIf had
   3. CDid
   4. DHad
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: D Had we realised sooner, we would have cancelled.

   Inversie met had vervangt if.

7. 7Vul het gat in.

   If they had not been so slow, we _____ this conversation.

   1. Adid not have
   2. Bwill not have
   3. Cwould not have had
   4. Dwould not be having
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: D If they had not been so slow, we would not be having this conversation.

   Een oorzaak in het verleden met een gevolg nu is een gemengde conditional.

8. 8Vul het gat in.

   Nobody _____ if the alarm had been working.

   1. Awill be hurt
   2. Bwould be hurt
   3. Cwould have hurt
   4. Dwould have been hurt
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: D Nobody would have been hurt if the alarm had been working.

   Het gevolg is passief en in het verleden: would have been + deelwoord.

9. 9Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

   Welke zin is fout?

   1. AHad I gone, I would have seen it.
   2. BI would have seen it if I had gone.
   3. CIf I had gone, I would have seen it.
   4. DIf I would have gone, I would have seen it.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: D If I would have gone, I would have seen it.

   would have kan niet in de voorwaarde staan.

10. 10Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

    Welke zin is fout?

    1. AIf she had studied, she would pass the exam.
    2. BIf she had studied, she would have passed the exam.
    3. CIf she studied, she would pass the exam.
    4. DShe would have passed if she had studied.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A If she had studied, she would pass the exam.

    Een voorwaarde in het verleden met een gevolg in het verleden heeft have nodig.