ماضٍ لم يقع

أمثلة

1. If we had left ten minutes earlier, we would have caught the train.

   لو غادرنا قبل عشر دقائق لأدركنا القطار.

2. She would not have signed it if she had read the second page.

   ما كانت لتوقّع لو قرأت الصفحة الثانية.

3. Had the fault been reported in March, the repair would have been simple.

   لو أُبلغ عن العطل في آذار لكان الإصلاح بسيطًا.

4. They might have won if the referee had seen it.

   ربما فازوا لو رأى الحكم ذلك.

أخطاء شائعة

• ✗خطأ: If I would have known, I would have said something.

  ✓صحيح: If I had known, I would have said something.

  لا تدخل would في شق الشرط، بل had + التصريف الثالث.

• ✗خطأ: If we had booked earlier, we would pay half.

  ✓صحيح: If we had booked earlier, we would have paid half.

  الشرط الماضي يستدعي نتيجة ماضية: would HAVE paid.

• ✗خطأ: If had we known, we would have come.

  ✓صحيح: Had we known, we would have come.

  عند القلب لحذف if تُحذف ولا تعود.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

1. ١اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أIf you had told me, I would have helped.
   2. بIf you told me, I would have helped.
   3. جIf you would have told me, I would have helped.
   4. دIf you had told me, I would help.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ If you had told me, I would have helped.

   الشرط: had + التصريف الثالث. النتيجة: would have + التصريف الثالث.

2. ٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أHad I known the rules, I would not applied.
   2. بIf had I known the rules, I would not have applied.
   3. جHad I known the rules, I would not have applied.
   4. دHad I know the rules, I would not have applied.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج Had I known the rules, I would not have applied.

   القلب يحلّ محلّ if تمامًا.

3. ٣اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أWe can have avoided all of this.
   2. بWe could have avoided all of this.
   3. جWe could avoided all of this.
   4. دWe could have avoid all of this.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب We could have avoided all of this.

   could have + التصريف الثالث لإمكانية ماضية لم تتحقق.

4. ٤أكمل الفراغ.

   If the letter _____ on time, none of this would have happened.

   1. أarrived
   2. بhas arrived
   3. جhad arrived
   4. دwould have arrived
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج If the letter had arrived on time, none of this would have happened.

   شق الشرط يأخذ الماضي التام.

5. ٥أكمل الفراغ.

   She _____ the job if she had asked for less money.

   1. أmight have get
   2. بmay get
   3. جmight have got
   4. دmight get
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج She might have got the job if she had asked for less money.

   might have تخفّف النتيجة الماضية غير الواقعة.

6. ٦أكمل الفراغ.

   _____ we realised sooner, we would have cancelled.

   1. أHave
   2. بIf had
   3. جDid
   4. دHad
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د Had we realised sooner, we would have cancelled.

   القلب بـ had يحلّ محلّ if.

7. ٧أكمل الفراغ.

   If they had not been so slow, we _____ this conversation.

   1. أdid not have
   2. بwill not have
   3. جwould not have had
   4. دwould not be having
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د If they had not been so slow, we would not be having this conversation.

   سبب ماضٍ ونتيجة حاضرة يعطيان شرطًا مختلطًا.

8. ٨أكمل الفراغ.

   Nobody _____ if the alarm had been working.

   1. أwill be hurt
   2. بwould be hurt
   3. جwould have hurt
   4. دwould have been hurt
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د Nobody would have been hurt if the alarm had been working.

   النتيجة مبنية للمجهول وفي الماضي: would have been + التصريف الثالث.

9. ٩هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

   أي جملة خاطئة؟

   1. أHad I gone, I would have seen it.
   2. بI would have seen it if I had gone.
   3. جIf I had gone, I would have seen it.
   4. دIf I would have gone, I would have seen it.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د If I would have gone, I would have seen it.

   لا تظهر would have في شق الشرط.

10. ١٠هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

    أي جملة خاطئة؟

    1. أIf she had studied, she would pass the exam.
    2. بIf she had studied, she would have passed the exam.
    3. جIf she studied, she would pass the exam.
    4. دShe would have passed if she had studied.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: أ If she had studied, she would pass the exam.

    الشرط الماضي بنتيجة ماضية يحتاج have.