حين يكون السبب والنتيجة في زمنين مختلفين

أمثلة

1. If I had saved more, I would not be worrying about the rent now.

   لو ادّخرت أكثر لما كنت قلقًا بشأن الإيجار الآن.

2. She would be a doctor now if she had stayed at university.

   لكانت طبيبة الآن لو بقيت في الجامعة.

3. If he were more organised, he would not have missed the deadline.

   لو كان أكثر تنظيمًا لما فوّت الموعد النهائي.

4. We would not be in this position if anybody had read the contract.

   ما كنا في هذا الموقف لو قرأ أحد العقد.

أخطاء شائعة

• ✗خطأ: If I had taken that job, I would have lived in Bristol now.

  ✓صحيح: If I had taken that job, I would be living in Bristol now.

  now تجعل النتيجة حاضرة فتسقط have من شق النتيجة.

• ✗خطأ: If she was not so proud, she would have asked.

  ✓صحيح: If she were not so proud, she would have asked.

  للحال الحاضرة غير الواقعة تستخدم الإنجليزية الرسمية were مع كل الفواعل.

• ✗خطأ: If I would have listened, I would not be here.

  ✓صحيح: If I had listened, I would not be here.

  لا يأخذ الشرط would مهما كان زمن النتيجة.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

1. ١اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أIf we bought the flat, we would have paid half this rent.
   2. بIf we had bought the flat, we would be paying half this rent.
   3. جIf we had bought the flat, we would have paid half this rent now.
   4. دIf we would have bought the flat, we would be paying half this rent.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب If we had bought the flat, we would be paying half this rent.

   قرار ماضٍ ونتيجة حاضرة.

2. ٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أIf he were not afraid of flying, he would have come with us.
   2. بIf he had not been afraid of flying, he would be coming with us.
   3. جIf he was not afraid of flying, he would come with us.
   4. دIf he is not afraid of flying, he would have come.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ If he were not afraid of flying, he would have come with us.

   صفة حاضرة دائمة تفسّر فعلًا ماضيًا.

3. ٣اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أI would not have been so tired if I go to bed earlier.
   2. بI am not so tired if I had gone to bed earlier.
   3. جI would not be so tired if I had gone to bed earlier.
   4. دI would not be so tired if I would have gone to bed earlier.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج I would not be so tired if I had gone to bed earlier.

   النتيجة الآن والسبب ليلة أمس.

4. ٤أكمل الفراغ.

   If I _____ the warning, I would not be paying this fine.

   1. أsaw
   2. بhad seen
   3. جhave seen
   4. دwould have seen
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب If I had seen the warning, I would not be paying this fine.

   الشرط ماضٍ غير واقع.

5. ٥أكمل الفراغ.

   She _____ in charge now if the vote had gone the other way.

   1. أwill be
   2. بis
   3. جwould be
   4. دwould have been
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج She would be in charge now if the vote had gone the other way.

   now تضع النتيجة في الحاضر.

6. ٦أكمل الفراغ.

   If he _____ a better listener, that meeting would have gone differently.

   1. أwould be
   2. بwere
   3. جis
   4. دhad been being
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب If he were a better listener, that meeting would have gone differently.

   صفة حاضرة بنتيجة ماضية.

7. ٧أكمل الفراغ.

   We _____ this conversation if somebody had checked the dates.

   1. أare not having
   2. بwould not be having
   3. جwill not have
   4. دwould not have had
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب We would not be having this conversation if somebody had checked the dates.

   سبب ماضٍ وحديث حاضر.

8. ٨أكمل الفراغ.

   If I _____ not so tired, I would have finished it last night.

   1. أam
   2. بwould be
   3. جwere
   4. دhad been
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د If I had been not so tired, I would have finished it last night.

   ليلة أمس تجعل الحال ماضية هنا أيضًا.

9. ٩هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

   أي جملة خاطئة؟

   1. أIf they had invested then, they would be rich today.
   2. بIf they had invested then, they would have been rich today.
   3. جIf they had invested then, they would have made money.
   4. دThey would be rich today if they had invested then.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب If they had invested then, they would have been rich today.

   today تجعل النتيجة حاضرة فتسقط have.

10. ١٠هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

    أي جملة خاطئة؟

    1. أWere I you, I would say nothing.
    2. بIf I was you, I would have said nothing.
    3. جIf I were you, I would say nothing.
    4. دIf I were you, I would have said nothing.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب If I was you, I would have said nothing.

    الحال الحاضرة غير الواقعة مع I تأخذ were في الإنجليزية المتأنية.