سرد حكاية أطول: أزمنة الماضي الأربعة معًا

أمثلة

1. We had been waiting for an hour when they finally called our name.

   كنا ننتظر منذ ساعة حين نادوا اسمنا أخيرًا.

2. She was reading the letter again when she noticed what it had not said.

   كانت تعيد قراءة الرسالة حين لاحظت ما لم تقله.

3. By the time the engineer arrived, the water had reached the second step.

   حين وصل الفني كان الماء قد بلغ الدرجة الثانية.

4. He had been complaining about the noise for months before he wrote to us.

   كان يشكو من الضجيج منذ أشهر قبل أن يكتب إلينا.

أخطاء شائعة

• ✗خطأ: When I arrived, the meeting already started.

  ✓صحيح: When I arrived, the meeting had already started.

  الحدث الأسبق من حدثين ماضيين يأخذ الماضي التام.

• ✗خطأ: We were driving for three hours when it broke down.

  ✓صحيح: We had been driving for three hours when it broke down.

  المدة السابقة لحدث ماضٍ تأخذ الماضي التام المستمر لا الماضي المستمر.

• ✗خطأ: I had gone to the shop and had bought the milk and had come home.

  ✓صحيح: I went to the shop, bought the milk and came home.

  الأحداث بترتيبها تأخذ الماضي البسيط، والماضي التام للرجوع إلى ما قبلها فقط.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

1. ١اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أBy the time we get there, the shop had closed.
   2. بBy the time we got there, the shop closed.
   3. جBy the time we had got there, the shop closed.
   4. دBy the time we got there, the shop had closed.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د By the time we got there, the shop had closed.

   الإغلاق حدث أولًا فيأخذ الماضي التام.

2. ٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أShe has been working there for ten years when the factory shut.
   2. بShe was working there for ten years when the factory shut.
   3. جShe had been working there for ten years when the factory shut.
   4. دShe worked there for ten years when the factory had shut.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج She had been working there for ten years when the factory shut.

   عشر سنوات قبل حدث ماضٍ تعني الماضي التام المستمر.

3. ٣اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أI was reading when the lights went out.
   2. بI had read when the lights went out.
   3. جI read when the lights were going out.
   4. دI have been reading when the lights went out.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ I was reading when the lights went out.

   القراءة كانت جارية حول الحدث الواحد.

4. ٤أكمل الفراغ.

   They _____ the road before the snow started, so we got through.

   1. أhad cleared
   2. بwere clearing
   3. جhave cleared
   4. دcleared
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ They had cleared the road before the snow started, so we got through.

   انتهى التنظيف قبل الثلج فيأخذ الماضي التام.

5. ٥أكمل الفراغ.

   She _____ for the bus when she realised she had left her purse at home.

   1. أwas waiting
   2. بwaited
   3. جhas waited
   4. دhad waited
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ She was waiting for the bus when she realised she had left her purse at home.

   الانتظار خلفية للحظة الإدراك.

6. ٦أكمل الفراغ.

   We _____ about the change until the letter arrived in June.

   1. أhad not heard
   2. بhave not heard
   3. جdid not hearing
   4. دwere not hearing
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ We had not heard about the change until the letter arrived in June.

   عدم العلم حتى نقطة في الماضي يأخذ الماضي التام.

7. ٧أكمل الفراغ.

   The engine _____ strangely for weeks before it finally failed.

   1. أhas been sounding
   2. بhad been sounding
   3. جhad sounded
   4. دwas sounding
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب The engine had been sounding strangely for weeks before it finally failed.

   مدة تفضي إلى حدث ماضٍ: الماضي التام المستمر.

8. ٨أكمل الفراغ.

   While the inspector _____ the notes, nobody in the room spoke.

   1. أhad read
   2. بread
   3. جwas reading
   4. دhas read
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج While the inspector was reading the notes, nobody in the room spoke.

   بعد while تأخذ حركة الخلفية الأطول المستمر.

9. ٩هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

   أي جملة خاطئة؟

   1. أBy the time she called, I had already left.
   2. بBy the time she called, I already left.
   3. جShe called after I had left.
   4. دI had left before she called.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب By the time she called, I already left.

   الحدث الأسبق يحتاج الماضي التام لا البسيط.

10. ١٠هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

    أي جملة خاطئة؟

    1. أWe had been living there for two years when the lease ended.
    2. بWe had been living there since 2019 and we still live there.
    3. جWe have been living there since 2019.
    4. دWe lived there for two years.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب We had been living there since 2019 and we still live there.

    الماضي التام المستمر لا يصل إلى الآن، فذلك من شأن المضارع التام المستمر.