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قواعد اللغة الإنجليزية

جمل تعمل عمل الاسم: that وwhether وwh-

Clauses that act as nouns: that, whether and wh-

C1 · متقدم الأسماء والوصف الأسئلة ١٠

القاعدة

قد تكون الجملة كلها فاعلًا أو مفعولًا أو خبرًا. وجملة that فاعلًا رسمية وتُنقل غالبًا إلى النهاية مع it. ولا تأتي جملة that بعد حرف جر مباشرة، بل the fact that. وجملة whether قد تكون فاعلًا (Whether we go depends on the weather) ولا تصلح if لذلك. وجملة wh تحتفظ بترتيب الخبر: What you need is rest وI can’t remember where I put it. وقد تكون جملة -ing فاعلًا أيضًا.

النمط

That + clause + verb (formal) → It … that … · preposition + the fact that … · Whether + clause + verb · depends on whether … · What / How / Where + statement order · -ing clause as subject · Whoever / Whatever …

أمثلة

  1. What you need is a long holiday.

    ما تحتاجه عطلة طويلة.

  2. Whether the plan succeeds depends on the funding.

    نجاح الخطة يتوقف على التمويل.

  3. Despite the fact that it rained, the festival was a success.

    رغم أنها أمطرت، نجح المهرجان.

  4. How the thieves got in remains a mystery.

    لا يزال كيف دخل اللصوص لغزًا.

أخطاء شائعة

  • خطأ: If we go depends on the weather.

    صحيح: Whether we go depends on the weather.

    في أول الجملة استخدم whether لا if.

  • خطأ: I’m worried about that he is late.

    صحيح: I’m worried about the fact that he is late.

    بعد حرف الجر استخدم the fact that.

  • خطأ: I don’t know where does she live.

    صحيح: I don’t know where she lives.

    السؤال المضمَّن بترتيب الخبر.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

  1. ١اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    1. Whether we can afford it is another matter.
    2. If we can afford it is another matter.
    3. That whether we can afford it is another matter.
    4. Whether can we afford it is another matter.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: أ Whether we can afford it is another matter.

    جملة whether فاعلًا.

  2. ٢أكمل الفراغ.

    It all depends on _____ the bank agrees to the loan.

    1. if
    2. whether
    3. that
    4. what
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب It all depends on whether the bank agrees to the loan.

    بعد حرف الجر: whether لا if.

  3. ٣اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    ما فاعل الجملة؟

    What worries me is the cost.

    1. me
    2. What worries me
    3. the cost
    4. worries
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب What worries me

    جملة what كلها هي الفاعل.

  4. ٤هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

    He was annoyed about that nobody had told him.

    1. He was annoyed about that nobody told him it.
    2. He was annoyed about nobody had told him.
    3. He was annoyed of that nobody had told him.
    4. He was annoyed that nobody had told him.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: د He was annoyed that nobody had told him.

    احذف حرف الجر قبل جملة that (أو استخدم the fact that).

  5. ٥حوّل الجملة.

    ابدأ بجملة wh.

    Nobody knows how the fire started.

    1. How started the fire is still unknown.
    2. How did the fire start is still unknown.
    3. That how the fire started is unknown.
    4. How the fire started is still unknown.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: د How the fire started is still unknown.

    جملة wh فاعلًا بترتيب الخبر.

  6. ٦رتّب الكلمات لتكوين جملة صحيحة.

    Despite the fact that it was late nobody left

    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: Despite the fact that it was late nobody left.

    despite the fact that مع جملة.

  7. ٧اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    1. Can you tell me what time opens the museum?
    2. Can you tell me that what time the museum opens?
    3. Can you tell me what time the museum opens?
    4. Can you tell me what time does the museum open?
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ج Can you tell me what time the museum opens?

    سؤال مضمَّن: ترتيب الخبر.

  8. ٨اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    أي جملة تعني الشيء نفسه؟

    That the minister knew about the problem is now clear.

    1. It is now clear that the minister knew about the problem.
    2. The problem is now clear to the minister.
    3. The minister now knows clearly about the problem.
    4. It is not clear whether the minister knew.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: أ It is now clear that the minister knew about the problem.

    يمكن نقل فاعل that إلى النهاية مع it.

  9. ٩أكمل الفراغ.

    أنت تكتب رسالة شكوى رسمية.

    I am concerned about _____ no one has replied to my emails.

    1. the fact that
    2. that
    3. what
    4. whether that
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: أ I am concerned about the fact that no one has replied to my emails.

    بعد about: the fact that مع الجملة.

  10. ١٠حوّل الجملة.

    اجعلها رسمية بـ the fact that.

    Although she had no experience, she got the job.

    1. Despite of the fact she had no experience, she got the job.
    2. Despite that she had no experience, she got the job.
    3. Despite the fact she had no experience it, she got the job.
    4. Despite the fact that she had no experience, she got the job.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: د Despite the fact that she had no experience, she got the job.

    despite the fact that مع الجملة.

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