Een werkwoord tot zelfstandig naamwoord maken

Voorbeelden

1. The failure to report the fault in March is the central issue.

   Het nalaten het gebrek in maart te melden is de kern van de zaak.

2. Their refusal to put anything in writing is telling.

   Hun weigering iets schriftelijk vast te leggen is veelzeggend.

3. The introduction of the charge caused most of the complaints.

   De invoering van de heffing veroorzaakte de meeste klachten.

4. There has been a marked improvement in response times.

   Er is een duidelijke verbetering in de reactietijden.

Veelgemaakte fouten

• ✗Fout: The decide to close the unit was wrong.

  ✓Goed: The decision to close the unit was wrong.

  De naamwoordvorm is decision, niet het werkwoord.

• ✗Fout: The failure of report the fault was the issue.

  ✓Goed: The failure to report the fault was the issue.

  failure krijgt to plus infinitief.

• ✗Fout: There was an improve in the figures.

  ✓Goed: There was an improvement in the figures.

  Het zelfstandig naamwoord van improve is improvement.

Oefenvragen

Probeer elke vraag eerst zelf en open dan „Toon antwoord” voor de oplossing en de reden.

1. 1Kies de juiste zin.

   1. AThe refuse of the agency to reply is documented.
   2. BThe refusal of the agency to reply is documented.
   3. CThe refusing the agency to reply is documented.
   4. DThe refusal of the agency replying is documented.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: B The refusal of the agency to reply is documented.

   refusal is het zelfstandig naamwoord; to reply volgt.

2. 2Kies de juiste zin.

   1. AThe introduction of the new rule caused confusion.
   2. BThe introducing of new rule caused confusion.
   3. CThe introduction the new rule caused confusion.
   4. DThe introduce of the new rule caused confusion.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: A The introduction of the new rule caused confusion.

   introduction of is de standaardcombinatie.

3. 3Kies de juiste zin.

   1. AThere has been sharp rise in complaints.
   2. BThere has been a sharp raise in complaints.
   3. CThere has been a sharp rise in complaints.
   4. DThere has been a sharp rise of complaints.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C There has been a sharp rise in complaints.

   a rise in bij cijfers.

4. 4Vul het gat in.

   The _____ to act sooner has cost the council money.

   1. Afailure
   2. Bfailed
   3. Cfailing to
   4. Dfail
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: A The failure to act sooner has cost the council money.

   failure to is het naamwoordpatroon.

5. 5Vul het gat in.

   The _____ of the survey delayed the sale by a month.

   1. Aabsently
   2. Babsented
   3. Cabsence
   4. Dabsent
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C The absence of the survey delayed the sale by a month.

   the absence of is het zelfstandig naamwoord.

6. 6Vul het gat in.

   Their _____ that the fee was annual is not in the letter.

   1. Aclaimed
   2. Bclaim
   3. Cclaims to
   4. Dclaiming to
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: B Their claim that the fee was annual is not in the letter.

   the claim that leidt een bijzin.

7. 7Vul het gat in.

   The _____ in waiting times has been measured, not assumed.

   1. Areducing of
   2. Breduction
   3. Creduce
   4. Dreduced
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: B The reduction in waiting times has been measured, not assumed.

   a reduction in bij een gemeten daling.

8. 8Vul het gat in.

   There was no _____ with the residents before the work began.

   1. Aconsult
   2. Bconsultation
   3. Cconsulted
   4. Dconsulting of
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: B There was no consultation with the residents before the work began.

   consultation with is het naamwoordpatroon.

9. 9Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

   Welke zin is fout?

   1. AThe arrive of the inspector changed everything.
   2. BWhen the inspector arrived, everything changed.
   3. CThe arrival of the inspector changed everything.
   4. DThe inspector’s arrival changed everything.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: A The arrive of the inspector changed everything.

   Het zelfstandig naamwoord is arrival.

10. 10Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

    Welke zin is fout?

    1. ATheir refuse to sign delayed the sale.
    2. BTheir refusing to sign delayed the sale.
    3. CThe fact that they refused to sign delayed the sale.
    4. DTheir refusal to sign delayed the sale.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A Their refuse to sign delayed the sale.

    refuse is een werkwoord; het zelfstandig naamwoord is refusal.