Vier soorten verplichting die het Engels uit elkaar houdt

Voorbeelden

1. Visitors are to report to reception on arrival.

   Bezoekers dienen zich bij aankomst bij de receptie te melden.

2. You do not have to come, but I would like you to.

   U hoeft niet te komen, maar ik zou het fijn vinden.

3. We were supposed to hear by Friday and nobody rang.

   We zouden voor vrijdag horen en niemand belde.

4. You had better keep the receipt.

   U kunt de bon maar beter bewaren.

Veelgemaakte fouten

• ✗Fout: You must not come if you are busy.

  ✓Goed: You do not have to come if you are busy.

  must not verbiedt; het ontbreken van verplichting is do not have to.

• ✗Fout: I needn’t have worried, so I did not worry.

  ✓Goed: I needn’t have worried, but I did.

  need not have betekent dat u het WEL deed en dat het onnodig bleek.

• ✗Fout: You had better to lock it.

  ✓Goed: You had better lock it.

  had better krijgt het hele werkwoord zonder to.

Oefenvragen

Probeer elke vraag eerst zelf en open dan „Toon antwoord” voor de oplossing en de reden.

1. 1Kies de juiste zin.

   1. AYou have not to bring anything.
   2. BYou do not must bring anything.
   3. CYou do not have to bring anything.
   4. DYou must not bring anything.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C You do not have to bring anything.

   Geen verplichting, geen verbod.

2. 2Kies de juiste zin.

   1. ACandidates are to leaving their phones outside.
   2. BCandidates are to leave their phones outside.
   3. CCandidates to leave their phones outside.
   4. DCandidates are leaving their phones outside.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: B Candidates are to leave their phones outside.

   be to geeft een officiële instructie.

3. 3Kies de juiste zin.

   1. AShe was supposed ring on Monday.
   2. BShe supposed to ring on Monday.
   3. CShe was supposed to ring on Monday.
   4. DShe is supposed rang on Monday.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C She was supposed to ring on Monday.

   be supposed to behoudt de to.

4. 4Vul het gat in.

   Guests _____ smoke anywhere in the building.

   1. Ahad better not to
   2. Bneed not
   3. Cdo not have to
   4. Dmust not
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: D Guests must not smoke anywhere in the building.

   Een verbod krijgt must not.

5. 5Vul het gat in.

   We _____ pay for the survey; the seller had already done it.

   1. Aneed not have
   2. Bhad not to
   3. Cmust not
   4. Ddid not need to
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: D We did not need to pay for the survey; the seller had already done it.

   De handeling was niet nodig en gebeurde niet.

6. 6Vul het gat in.

   I _____ brought an umbrella; it never rained.

   1. Adid not need to
   2. Bmust not have
   3. Cneed not have
   4. Dshould not
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C I need not have brought an umbrella; it never rained.

   Het IS gedaan en bleek onnodig.

7. 7Vul het gat in.

   You _____ get there early if you want a seat.

   1. Ahad better to
   2. Bwould better
   3. Chad better
   4. Dbetter had
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C You had better get there early if you want a seat.

   had better plus het hele werkwoord.

8. 8Vul het gat in.

   Under the contract the tenant _____ keep the garden tidy.

   1. Ais requiring
   2. Bis required
   3. Cis required to
   4. Drequires to
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C Under the contract the tenant is required to keep the garden tidy.

   Een schriftelijke verplichting in de passieve vorm.

9. 9Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

   Welke zin is fout?

   1. AYou must not to park here.
   2. BParking here is prohibited.
   3. CYou must not park here.
   4. DYou are not allowed to park here.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: A You must not to park here.

   Modale werkwoorden krijgen nooit to.

10. 10Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

    Welke zin is fout?

    1. AWe need not sign it today.
    2. BIt is not necessary to sign it today.
    3. CWe do not have to sign it today.
    4. DWe do not must sign it today.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D We do not must sign it today.

    must heeft geen do-vorm.