أربعة أنواع من الإلزام تفرّق بينها الإنجليزية

أمثلة

1. Visitors are to report to reception on arrival.

   على الزوار التوجه إلى الاستقبال عند الوصول.

2. You do not have to come, but I would like you to.

   لست مضطرًّا للحضور، لكنني أودّ ذلك.

3. We were supposed to hear by Friday and nobody rang.

   كان من المفترض أن نسمع بحلول الجمعة ولم يتصل أحد.

4. You had better keep the receipt.

   من الأفضل لك الاحتفاظ بالإيصال.

أخطاء شائعة

• ✗خطأ: You must not come if you are busy.

  ✓صحيح: You do not have to come if you are busy.

  must not تمنع، وانتفاء الإلزام يُعبَّر عنه بـ do not have to.

• ✗خطأ: I needn’t have worried, so I did not worry.

  ✓صحيح: I needn’t have worried, but I did.

  need not have تعني أنك فعلته وتبيّن أنه لم يكن لازمًا.

• ✗خطأ: You had better to lock it.

  ✓صحيح: You had better lock it.

  had better تأخذ المصدر المجرد.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

1. ١اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أYou have not to bring anything.
   2. بYou do not must bring anything.
   3. جYou do not have to bring anything.
   4. دYou must not bring anything.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج You do not have to bring anything.

   انتفاء إلزام لا منع.

2. ٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أCandidates are to leaving their phones outside.
   2. بCandidates are to leave their phones outside.
   3. جCandidates to leave their phones outside.
   4. دCandidates are leaving their phones outside.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب Candidates are to leave their phones outside.

   be to تعطي تعليمة رسمية.

3. ٣اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أShe was supposed ring on Monday.
   2. بShe supposed to ring on Monday.
   3. جShe was supposed to ring on Monday.
   4. دShe is supposed rang on Monday.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج She was supposed to ring on Monday.

   be supposed to تحتفظ بـ to.

4. ٤أكمل الفراغ.

   Guests _____ smoke anywhere in the building.

   1. أhad better not to
   2. بneed not
   3. جdo not have to
   4. دmust not
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د Guests must not smoke anywhere in the building.

   المنع يأخذ must not.

5. ٥أكمل الفراغ.

   We _____ pay for the survey; the seller had already done it.

   1. أneed not have
   2. بhad not to
   3. جmust not
   4. دdid not need to
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د We did not need to pay for the survey; the seller had already done it.

   الفعل لم يكن لازمًا ولم يقع.

6. ٦أكمل الفراغ.

   I _____ brought an umbrella; it never rained.

   1. أdid not need to
   2. بmust not have
   3. جneed not have
   4. دshould not
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج I need not have brought an umbrella; it never rained.

   فُعل وتبيّن أنه غير لازم.

7. ٧أكمل الفراغ.

   You _____ get there early if you want a seat.

   1. أhad better to
   2. بwould better
   3. جhad better
   4. دbetter had
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج You had better get there early if you want a seat.

   had better مع المصدر المجرد.

8. ٨أكمل الفراغ.

   Under the contract the tenant _____ keep the garden tidy.

   1. أis requiring
   2. بis required
   3. جis required to
   4. دrequires to
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج Under the contract the tenant is required to keep the garden tidy.

   التزام مكتوب بالمبني للمجهول.

9. ٩هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

   أي جملة خاطئة؟

   1. أYou must not to park here.
   2. بParking here is prohibited.
   3. جYou must not park here.
   4. دYou are not allowed to park here.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ You must not to park here.

   لا تأخذ الأفعال الناقصة to.

10. ١٠هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

    أي جملة خاطئة؟

    1. أWe need not sign it today.
    2. بIt is not necessary to sign it today.
    3. جWe do not have to sign it today.
    4. دWe do not must sign it today.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: د We do not must sign it today.

    ليس لـ must صيغة مع do.