Deelwoordconstructies: voltooid, passief, ontkennend — en de valkuil

Voorbeelden

1. Having worked abroad for years, she spoke three languages fluently.

   Doordat ze jaren in het buitenland had gewerkt, sprak ze vloeiend drie talen.

2. Not knowing the area, we took a taxi.

   Omdat we de buurt niet kenden, namen we een taxi.

3. Written in 1920, the novel still feels surprisingly modern.

   Hoewel de roman in 1920 is geschreven, voelt hij nog verrassend modern.

4. Once opened, the jar should be kept in the fridge.

   Na opening moet de pot in de koelkast worden bewaard.

Veelgemaakte fouten

• ✗Fout: Walking home, the rain started.

  ✓Goed: Walking home, I got caught in the rain.

  Het onderwerp van het deelwoord moet het onderwerp van de hoofdzin zijn.

• ✗Fout: Having finish the exam, we left.

  ✓Goed: Having finished the exam, we left.

  having + voltooid deelwoord.

• ✗Fout: Knowing not the answer, she guessed.

  ✓Goed: Not knowing the answer, she guessed.

  not staat vóór het deelwoord.

Oefenvragen

Probeer elke vraag eerst zelf en open dan „Toon antwoord” voor de oplossing en de reden.

1. 1Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

   Walking to work, a car nearly hit me.

   1. AWalking to work, I was nearly hit by a car.
   2. BWalking to work, a car nearly was hit me.
   3. CWalking to work, a car was nearly hitting me.
   4. DWalked to work, a car nearly hit me.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: A Walking to work, I was nearly hit by a car.

   Het onderwerp van de hoofdzin moet degene zijn die loopt.

2. 2Kies de juiste zin.

   1. ABeing warned twice before, he had known the risks.
   2. BHaving been warn twice, he knew the risks.
   3. CHaving been warned twice, he knew the risks.
   4. DHaving warned twice, he knew the risks.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C Having been warned twice, he knew the risks.

   Voltooid passief deelwoord: having been + voltooid deelwoord.

3. 3Vul het gat in.

   _____ what to say, I just nodded.

   1. ADon’t knowing
   2. BNot knowing
   3. CNo knowing
   4. DKnowing not
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: B Not knowing what to say, I just nodded.

   Ontkennend deelwoord: Not + -ing.

4. 4Kies de juiste zin.

   Welke zin is correct?

   Four sentences about a meeting.

   1. AHaving read the report, the rejection was quick.
   2. BHaving read the report, a decision was made to reject it.
   3. CHaving read the report, it was rejected by the committee.
   4. DHaving read the report, the committee rejected it.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: D Having read the report, the committee rejected it.

   De commissie las het rapport, dus zij moet het onderwerp zijn.

5. 5Verander de zin.

   Begin met een deelwoordconstructie.

   The castle was built in 1350 and has survived three sieges.

   1. AHaving built in 1350, the castle has survived three sieges.
   2. BBuilt 1350 in, the castle has survived three sieges.
   3. CBuilding in 1350, the castle has survived three sieges.
   4. DBuilt in 1350, the castle has survived three sieges.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: D Built in 1350, the castle has survived three sieges.

   Passieve betekenis: alleen het voltooid deelwoord.

6. 6Zet de woorden in de juiste volgorde.

   Once opened the milk should be used within three days

   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: Once opened the milk should be used within three days.

   once + voltooid deelwoord: nadat het is geopend.

7. 7Kies de juiste zin.

   Wat laat de deelwoordconstructie hier zien?

   Having lost his keys, he had to wait for his wife.

   1. AWhat he did while waiting
   2. BThe reason he had to wait
   3. CA second, later event
   4. DWhere he was waiting
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: B The reason he had to wait

   Het voltooid deelwoord geeft de oorzaak.

8. 8Kies de juiste zin.

   1. AWhile waiting for the bus, I checked my emails.
   2. BWhile I waiting for the bus, I checked my emails.
   3. CWhile wait for the bus, I checked my emails.
   4. DWhile waited for the bus, I checked my emails.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: A While waiting for the bus, I checked my emails.

   while + -ing, met hetzelfde onderwerp.

9. 9Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

   Having finished the report, the printer broke.

   1. AHaving finishing the report, the printer broke.
   2. BHaving finished the report, I found the printer had broken.
   3. CFinished the report, the printer broke.
   4. DHaving finished the report, the printer was broken by me.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: B Having finished the report, I found the printer had broken.

   De printer schreef het rapport niet: maak de schrijver onderwerp.

10. 10Vul het gat in.

    U schrijft een gebruiksaanwijzing.

    _____ opened, store in a cool, dry place.

    1. AOnes
    2. BDue
    3. CSince
    4. DOnce
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D Once opened, store in a cool, dry place.

    once + voltooid deelwoord: na opening.