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Engelse grammatica

Which voor de hele gedachte, whereby en at which point

Which for the whole idea, whereby and at which point

C1 · Vergevorderd Zinnen verbinden Vragen 10

De regel

Een betrekkelijke bijzin kan een hele zin becommentariëren: He arrived late, which annoyed everyone. Alleen which kan dat; what en that niet. Formeel schrijven maakt verbanden met which + voorzetsel: whereby (waardoor, waarbij), in which case, at which point, by which time, as a result of which, most of whom. what betekent datgene wat; whoever, whatever en whichever betekenen wie of wat ook. In de spreektaal kan een zin met Which is why… beginnen.

Patroon

clause, which + verb … (comment on the whole clause) · whereby = by which · in which case / at which point / by which time / as a result of which · most / none / all of whom / which · what = the thing that · whoever / whatever / whichever

Voorbeelden

  1. The train was cancelled, which meant we missed the wedding.

    De trein werd geschrapt, waardoor we de bruiloft misten.

  2. We may be late, in which case please start without us.

    We zijn misschien te laat; begin in dat geval zonder ons.

  3. They introduced a scheme whereby staff can work from home.

    Ze voerden een regeling in waarbij personeel thuis kan werken.

  4. He talked for an hour, by which time half the audience had left.

    Hij praatte een uur, en tegen die tijd was de helft van het publiek vertrokken.

Veelgemaakte fouten

  • Fout: She passed the exam, what surprised everyone.

    Goed: She passed the exam, which surprised everyone.

    Om naar een hele zin te verwijzen, gebruik je which.

  • Fout: He was late, that annoyed me.

    Goed: He was late, which annoyed me.

    that kan geen commentaarzin na een komma beginnen.

  • Fout: It may snow, in what case we will stay home.

    Goed: It may snow, in which case we will stay home.

    De vaste verbinding is in which case.

Oefenvragen

Probeer elke vraag eerst zelf en open dan „Toon antwoord” voor de oplossing en de reden.

  1. 1Kies de juiste zin.

    1. He forgot her birthday, what upset her a lot.
    2. He forgot her birthday, it upset her a lot.
    3. He forgot her birthday, which upset her a lot.
    4. He forgot her birthday, that upset her a lot.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: C He forgot her birthday, which upset her a lot.

    which becommentarieert de hele voorgaande zin.

  2. 2Kies de juiste zin.

    Waar verwijst which naar?

    She resigned without notice, which surprised us all.

    1. The fact that she resigned without notice
    2. The notice she gave
    3. Her new job
    4. All of us
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A The fact that she resigned without notice

    Een zinsbetrekkelijk which verwijst naar de hele gebeurtenis.

  3. 3Vul het gat in.

    The flight may be delayed, in _____ case we will book a hotel.

    1. what
    2. which
    3. that
    4. whose
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B The flight may be delayed, in which case we will book a hotel.

    De vaste verbinding in which case.

  4. 4Verander de zin.

    Verbind met which.

    The rent went up again. This forced us to move.

    1. The rent went up again, what forced us to move.
    2. The rent went up again, which forced us to move.
    3. The rent went up again, that forced us to move.
    4. The rent went up again, which it forced us to move.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B The rent went up again, which forced us to move.

    which vervangt this en verbindt de zinnen.

  5. 5Kies de juiste zin.

    Wat betekent whereby hier?

    They agreed a system whereby each family pays what it can.

    1. where
    2. although
    3. by which
    4. unless
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: C by which

    whereby = waardoor, waarbij.

  6. 6Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

    He spoke for two hours, at what point people started to leave.

    1. He spoke for two hours, at that point which people started to leave.
    2. He spoke for two hours, which point people started to leave.
    3. He spoke for two hours, in which point people started to leave.
    4. He spoke for two hours, at which point people started to leave.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D He spoke for two hours, at which point people started to leave.

    De vaste verbinding is at which point.

  7. 7Zet de woorden in de juiste volgorde.

    I arrived at ten by which time the shop had closed

    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: I arrived at ten by which time the shop had closed.

    by which time + past perfect.

  8. 8Kies de juiste zin.

    1. It what surprised me most was how calm she stayed.
    2. Which surprised me most was how calm she stayed.
    3. That surprised me most was how calm she stayed.
    4. What surprised me most was how calm she stayed.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D What surprised me most was how calm she stayed.

    what = datgene wat.

  9. 9Kies de juiste zin.

    Welke zin betekent hetzelfde?

    He may call, in which case tell him I’m out.

    1. If he calls, tell him I’m out.
    2. He will certainly call and I will be out.
    3. Tell him I’m out, whether he calls or not.
    4. In his case, I am out.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A If he calls, tell him I’m out.

    in which case = als dat gebeurt.

  10. 10Vul het gat in.

    U schrijft een formeel voorstel.

    We propose a scheme _____ volunteers are reimbursed for travel.

    1. whether
    2. whereas
    3. whereby
    4. wherever
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: C We propose a scheme whereby volunteers are reimbursed for travel.

    whereby leidt in hoe de regeling werkt.

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