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Engelse grammatica

The moment, once, by the time: tijdsbijzinnen en hun tijden

The moment, once, by the time: time clauses and their tenses

C1 · Vergevorderd Zinnen verbinden Vragen 10

De regel

Naast when en after kent het Engels tijdsvoegwoorden met een precieze betekenis: the moment / as soon as = meteen; once = zodra en omdat; by the time = uiterlijk, meestal met een voltooide tijd in de hoofdzin; until = tot; now that = nu; as voor twee dingen die samen veranderen. In een tijdsbijzin over de toekomst gebruikt het Engels het heden of de present perfect, nooit will: Once you have signed, we will start.

Patroon

the moment / the minute / as soon as / once + present (perfect) for the future · by the time + past → past perfect · + present → will have done · (not) … until · now that · as (things change together)

Voorbeelden

  1. The moment she walked in, everyone stopped talking.

    Op het moment dat ze binnenkwam, hield iedereen op met praten.

  2. Once you have signed the contract, we can begin.

    Zodra je het contract hebt getekend, kunnen we beginnen.

  3. By the time we got to the station, the train had left.

    Tegen de tijd dat we bij het station kwamen, was de trein al vertrokken.

  4. Now that the children have left home, the house feels enormous.

    Nu de kinderen het huis uit zijn, voelt het huis enorm.

Veelgemaakte fouten

  • Fout: Once you will finish, call me.

    Goed: Once you have finished, call me.

    Een tijdsbijzin over de toekomst krijgt het heden, niet will.

  • Fout: By the time we arrived, the film already started.

    Goed: By the time we arrived, the film had already started.

    by the time + verleden tijd vraagt meestal de past perfect in de hoofdzin.

  • Fout: We will wait since he arrives.

    Goed: We will wait until he arrives.

    until = tot een moment; since telt vanaf een beginpunt.

Oefenvragen

Probeer elke vraag eerst zelf en open dan „Toon antwoord” voor de oplossing en de reden.

  1. 1Vul het gat in.

    I’ll call you the moment I _____ the results.

    1. would get
    2. get
    3. am going to get
    4. will get
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B I’ll call you the moment I get the results.

    Een tijdsbijzin over de toekomst: present simple.

  2. 2Kies de juiste zin.

    1. By the time you read this, I leave the country already.
    2. By the time you are reading this, I had left the country.
    3. By the time you will read this, I will leave the country.
    4. By the time you read this, I will have left the country.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D By the time you read this, I will have left the country.

    by the time + heden → future perfect in de hoofdzin.

  3. 3Kies de juiste zin.

    Wat betekent de zin?

    Once the snow melts, the pass will reopen.

    1. The pass reopened when the snow melted once.
    2. The pass will stay closed after the snow melts.
    3. The snow melted only one time.
    4. The pass will reopen after the snow has melted.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D The pass will reopen after the snow has melted.

    once = zodra.

  4. 4Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

    We won’t leave since everyone is ready.

    1. We won’t leave until everyone is ready.
    2. We won’t leave by everyone is ready.
    3. We won’t leave until everyone will be ready.
    4. We won’t leave while everyone is ready.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A We won’t leave until everyone is ready.

    not … until: het vertrek wacht tot iedereen klaar is.

  5. 5Verander de zin.

    Verbind met by the time.

    The police arrived. The thieves had already escaped.

    1. By the time the police arrived, the thieves had already escaped.
    2. By the time the police had arrived, the thieves already escape.
    3. By the time the police arrive, the thieves already escaped.
    4. By the time of the police arriving, the thieves escaped already.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A By the time the police arrived, the thieves had already escaped.

    by the time + past simple, past perfect in de hoofdzin.

  6. 6Kies de juiste zin.

    1. Now that you are mention it, I did see him leave early.
    2. Now that you mention it, I did see him leave early.
    3. Now that you mention it, I did saw him leave early.
    4. Now you that mention it, I did see him leave early.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B Now that you mention it, I did see him leave early.

    now that = nu.

  7. 7Kies de juiste zin.

    Wat betekent de zin?

    As the evening went on, the guests grew louder.

    1. The guests were loud because it was evening.
    2. The guests got louder gradually.
    3. The guests stopped being loud.
    4. The guests left as soon as it was evening.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B The guests got louder gradually.

    as + een verandering = geleidelijk, tegelijkertijd.

  8. 8Vul het gat in.

    She had _____ sat down than the phone rang.

    1. as soon
    2. the moment
    3. hardly
    4. no sooner
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D She had no sooner sat down than the phone rang.

    no sooner … than is een vast paar.

  9. 9Zet de woorden in de juiste volgorde.

    Every time I wash the car it rains

    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: Every time I wash the car it rains.

    every time = telkens als.

  10. 10Kies de juiste zin.

    Welke zin betekent hetzelfde?

    I’ll believe it when I see it.

    1. I believe it now that I have seen it.
    2. I saw it, so I believe it.
    3. I won’t believe it until I see it.
    4. I will see it after I believe it.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: C I won’t believe it until I see it.

    Het geloof wacht op het zien: not … until.

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