الفعل المركّب أم المفرد: الاختيار بحسب المستوى

أمثلة

1. We need to look into why the numbers dropped.

   علينا أن نبحث في سبب انخفاض الأرقام.

2. The committee will investigate the causes of the decline.

   ستحقق اللجنة في أسباب التراجع.

3. They put the match off because of the snow.

   أجّلوا المباراة بسبب الثلج.

4. The hearing has been postponed until further notice.

   أُجّلت الجلسة حتى إشعار آخر.

أخطاء شائعة

• ✗خطأ: In conclusion, the government should cut down on spending.

  ✓صحيح: In conclusion, the government should reduce spending.

  خاتمة المقال تستدعي الفعل المفرد.

• ✗خطأ: Hey, can you ascertain whether Tom’s coming tonight?

  ✓صحيح: Hey, can you find out whether Tom’s coming tonight?

  في الدردشة يكون الفعل المركّب طبيعيًّا، وascertain تبدو متكلفة.

• ✗خطأ: The board turned the offer.

  ✓صحيح: The board turned the offer down.

  الفعل المركّب يحتاج أداته.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

1. ١اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   أيها يناسب رسالة رسمية؟

   Telling a customer that a meeting is later.

   1. أWe have pushed the meeting back a bit, to 3 May.
   2. بThe meeting has been put off till 3 May, sorry.
   3. جWe are bumping the meeting to 3 May.
   4. دThe meeting has been postponed until 3 May.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د The meeting has been postponed until 3 May.

   رسميًّا: postponed.

2. ٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   أيها يناسب محادثة غير رسمية؟

   Telling a friend you will check the times.

   1. أI will determine when it commences.
   2. بI’ll find out when it starts.
   3. جThe start time will be ascertained.
   4. دI shall ascertain the commencement time.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب I’ll find out when it starts.

   في الدردشة: الفعل المركّب find out.

3. ٣حوّل الجملة.

   اجعلها رسمية.

   The company has cut down on its energy use.

   1. أThe company has reduction its energy use.
   2. بThe company has reduced its energy use.
   3. جThe company has cutted down its energy use.
   4. دThe company has cut its energy use down on.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب The company has reduced its energy use.

   بصيغة رسمية: cut down on ← reduce.

4. ٤أكمل الفراغ.

   The police are _____ the cause of the fire.

   1. أfinding
   2. بputting up
   3. جinvestigating
   4. دlooking
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج The police are investigating the cause of the fire.

   المقابل الرسمي لـ looking into: investigating.

5. ٥اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أShe turned down the job because the salary was too low.
   2. بShe down turned the job because the salary was too low.
   3. جShe turned down to the job because the salary was too low.
   4. دShe turned the job because the salary was too low down.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ She turned down the job because the salary was too low.

   turn down مع اسم: قد تسبقه الأداة.

6. ٦اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   أي جملة تعني الشيء نفسه؟

   We can’t put up with this noise any longer.

   1. أWe can put this noise somewhere else.
   2. بWe will turn this noise up.
   3. جWe can no longer make this noise.
   4. دWe can no longer tolerate this noise.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د We can no longer tolerate this noise.

   put up with = يتحمّل.

7. ٧حوّل الجملة.

   قلها كما تقولها لصديق.

   The concert has been cancelled.

   1. أThe concert’s been called off.
   2. بThe concert’s been called out.
   3. جThe concert’s been called up.
   4. دThe concert’s been cancelled off.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ The concert’s been called off.

   cancel ← call off في الكلام.

8. ٨هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

   The committee will look the complaint into.

   1. أThe committee will look into the complaint.
   2. بThe committee will into look the complaint.
   3. جThe committee will look the complaint in.
   4. دThe committee will look into it the complaint.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ The committee will look into the complaint.

   look into غير قابلة للفصل: يأتي المفعول بعد الأداة.

9. ٩رتّب الكلمات لتكوين جملة صحيحة.

   The plan was rejected by the board

   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: The plan was rejected by the board.

   رسميًّا: reject بدل turn down.

10. ١٠أكمل الفراغ.

    أنت تكتب تقريرًا.

    Staff costs have _____ by eight per cent since 2023.

    1. أgone up with
    2. بincreased
    3. جwent up
    4. دupped
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب Staff costs have increased by eight per cent since 2023.

    أسلوب التقارير: increased by.