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قواعد اللغة الإنجليزية

in that وgiven that وalbeit وinsofar as: أدوات ربط دقيقة المعنى

In that, given that, albeit, insofar as: subordinators with exact meanings

C1 · متقدم ربط الجمل الأسئلة ١٠

القاعدة

تحتاج كتابة C1 إلى أدوات ربط دقيقة: in that = لأن / بمعنى أن، وgiven that وconsidering وseeing that = بالنظر إلى، وinsofar as = بقدر ما، وalbeit = وإن، لكنها تتبعها كلمة أو عبارة لا جملة كاملة، وwhereas للمقابلة بين حقيقتين، وprovided that وon condition that للشرط. ولا but في الجملة الرئيسية، وalbeit it was… خطأ.

النمط

in that = because / in the sense that · given that / considering / seeing that = taking into account · insofar as = to the extent that · albeit + adjective / phrase (no clause) · whereas / while = contrast · provided that / on condition that = condition

أمثلة

  1. The results are encouraging, albeit limited to one region.

    النتائج مشجعة، وإن كانت مقتصرة على منطقة واحدة.

  2. Given that it was his first match, he played remarkably well.

    بالنظر إلى أنها كانت مباراته الأولى، فقد لعب بشكل لافت.

  3. The two jobs differ in that one involves constant travel.

    تختلف الوظيفتان في أن إحداهما تتطلب سفرًا دائمًا.

  4. The data are reliable insofar as they go, but they are incomplete.

    البيانات موثوقة في حدودها، لكنها غير مكتملة.

أخطاء شائعة

  • خطأ: The change was small, albeit it was important.

    صحيح: The change was small, albeit important.

    تتبع albeit كلمة أو عبارة لا جملة كاملة.

  • خطأ: Given he was tired, but he kept going.

    صحيح: Given that he was tired, he did well to keep going.

    given that تذكر الخلفية؛ فلا تضف but.

  • خطأ: The plan is flawed in which it ignores costs.

    صحيح: The plan is flawed in that it ignores costs.

    الرابط in that = لأن، بمعنى أن.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

  1. ١أكمل الفراغ.

    The hotel was comfortable, _____ rather expensive.

    1. whereas
    2. albeit
    3. despite
    4. although it
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب The hotel was comfortable, albeit rather expensive.

    albeit مع الصفة.

  2. ٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    ماذا تعني in that هنا؟

    The two proposals differ in that only one requires new staff.

    1. because / in the sense that
    2. unless
    3. at the time when
    4. in the place where
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: أ because / in the sense that

    in that تشرح من أي وجه.

  3. ٣اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    1. Given of the roads icy, the bus was only ten minutes late.
    2. Given the roads were icy, but the bus was only ten minutes late.
    3. Giving that the roads were icy, the bus was only ten minutes late.
    4. Given that the roads were icy, the bus was only ten minutes late.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: د Given that the roads were icy, the bus was only ten minutes late.

    given that مع جملة، دون but.

  4. ٤حوّل الجملة.

    اربط بـ given that.

    She had only a week to prepare. The presentation was impressive.

    1. Giving that she had only a week to prepare, the presentation was impressive.
    2. Given that she had only a week to prepare, the presentation was impressive.
    3. Given that she had only a week to prepare it the presentation was impressive.
    4. Given she had only a week to prepare, but the presentation was impressive.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب Given that she had only a week to prepare, the presentation was impressive.

    given that مع الخلفية ثم فاصلة ثم الرئيسية.

  5. ٥اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    أي جملة تعني الشيء نفسه؟

    I agree with you insofar as the costs are concerned.

    1. I agree with you completely.
    2. I agree with you about the costs, but not necessarily more.
    3. The costs are not a concern for me.
    4. I disagree with you about the costs.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب I agree with you about the costs, but not necessarily more.

    insofar as تحصر الموافقة في جانب واحد.

  6. ٦هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

    The service was efficient, albeit it was a little cold.

    1. The service was efficient, albeit being little cold it.
    2. The service was efficient, albeit a little cold.
    3. The service was efficient, albeit was a little cold.
    4. The service was efficient, albeit of a little cold.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب The service was efficient, albeit a little cold.

    albeit مع عبارة، بلا فاعل وفعل.

  7. ٧رتّب الكلمات لتكوين جملة صحيحة.

    Seeing that you are here you might as well help

    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: Seeing that you are here you might as well help.

    seeing that = بما أن.

  8. ٨اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    1. Whereas my brother loving crowds, I prefer a quiet evening.
    2. Whereas my brother loves crowds, I prefer a quiet evening.
    3. Whereas my brother loves crowds, but I prefer a quiet evening.
    4. Whereas as my brother loves crowds, I prefer a quiet evening.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب Whereas my brother loves crowds, I prefer a quiet evening.

    whereas تقابل بين حقيقتين؛ بلا but.

  9. ٩أكمل الفراغ.

    The model is useful _____ as it shows general trends, but it cannot predict individual cases.

    1. insofar
    2. albeit
    3. given
    4. in that
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: أ The model is useful insofar as it shows general trends, but it cannot predict individual cases.

    insofar as = بقدر ما.

  10. ١٠اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    أي جملة تعني الشيء نفسه؟

    Considering how little he practised, he did well.

    1. He did well, so he practised little.
    2. Because he practised a lot, he did well.
    3. He considered practising, and did well.
    4. Taking his lack of practice into account, he did well.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: د Taking his lack of practice into account, he did well.

    considering = بالنظر إلى.

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