the moment وonce وby the time: جمل الزمن وأزمنتها
The moment, once, by the time: time clauses and their tenses
القاعدة
إلى جانب when وafter تملك الإنجليزية أدوات زمن ذات معانٍ دقيقة: the moment وas soon as = فورًا، وonce = حالما، وby the time = في موعد لا يتجاوز، غالبًا مع زمن تام في الجملة الرئيسية، وuntil = حتى، وnow that = الآن وقد، وas لتغيّرين متزامنين. وفي جملة الزمن عن المستقبل يُستعمل المضارع أو المضارع التام لا will: Once you have signed, we will start.
the moment / the minute / as soon as / once + present (perfect) for the future · by the time + past → past perfect · + present → will have done · (not) … until · now that · as (things change together)
أمثلة
The moment she walked in, everyone stopped talking.
في اللحظة التي دخلت فيها، توقف الجميع عن الكلام.
Once you have signed the contract, we can begin.
حالما توقّع العقد يمكننا البدء.
By the time we got to the station, the train had left.
حين وصلنا إلى المحطة كان القطار قد غادر.
Now that the children have left home, the house feels enormous.
الآن وقد غادر الأطفال البيت، يبدو البيت ضخمًا.
أخطاء شائعة
-
خطأ: Once you will finish, call me.
صحيح: Once you have finished, call me.
جملة الزمن عن المستقبل تأخذ المضارع لا will.
-
خطأ: By the time we arrived, the film already started.
صحيح: By the time we arrived, the film had already started.
by the time مع الماضي تحتاج غالبًا الماضي التام في الجملة الرئيسية.
-
خطأ: We will wait since he arrives.
صحيح: We will wait until he arrives.
until = حتى لحظة ما، وsince تحسب من نقطة البداية.
تمارين محلولة
حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.
-
١أكمل الفراغ.
I’ll call you the moment I _____ the results.
- would get
- get
- am going to get
- will get
اعرض الإجابة
الإجابة: ب I’ll call you the moment I get the results.
جملة زمن عن المستقبل: المضارع البسيط.
-
٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.
- By the time you read this, I leave the country already.
- By the time you are reading this, I had left the country.
- By the time you will read this, I will leave the country.
- By the time you read this, I will have left the country.
اعرض الإجابة
الإجابة: د By the time you read this, I will have left the country.
by the time مع المضارع ← المستقبل التام في الجملة الرئيسية.
-
٣اختر الجملة الصحيحة.
ماذا تعني الجملة؟
Once the snow melts, the pass will reopen.
- The pass reopened when the snow melted once.
- The pass will stay closed after the snow melts.
- The snow melted only one time.
- The pass will reopen after the snow has melted.
اعرض الإجابة
الإجابة: د The pass will reopen after the snow has melted.
once = حالما.
-
٤هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.
We won’t leave since everyone is ready.
- We won’t leave until everyone is ready.
- We won’t leave by everyone is ready.
- We won’t leave until everyone will be ready.
- We won’t leave while everyone is ready.
اعرض الإجابة
الإجابة: أ We won’t leave until everyone is ready.
not … until: المغادرة تنتظر جاهزية الجميع.
-
٥حوّل الجملة.
اربط بـ by the time.
The police arrived. The thieves had already escaped.
- By the time the police arrived, the thieves had already escaped.
- By the time the police had arrived, the thieves already escape.
- By the time the police arrive, the thieves already escaped.
- By the time of the police arriving, the thieves escaped already.
اعرض الإجابة
الإجابة: أ By the time the police arrived, the thieves had already escaped.
by the time مع الماضي البسيط والماضي التام في الرئيسية.
-
٦اختر الجملة الصحيحة.
- Now that you are mention it, I did see him leave early.
- Now that you mention it, I did see him leave early.
- Now that you mention it, I did saw him leave early.
- Now you that mention it, I did see him leave early.
اعرض الإجابة
الإجابة: ب Now that you mention it, I did see him leave early.
now that = الآن وقد.
-
٧اختر الجملة الصحيحة.
ماذا تعني الجملة؟
As the evening went on, the guests grew louder.
- The guests were loud because it was evening.
- The guests got louder gradually.
- The guests stopped being loud.
- The guests left as soon as it was evening.
اعرض الإجابة
الإجابة: ب The guests got louder gradually.
as مع تغيّر = تدريجيًّا وفي الوقت نفسه.
-
٨أكمل الفراغ.
She had _____ sat down than the phone rang.
- as soon
- the moment
- hardly
- no sooner
اعرض الإجابة
الإجابة: د She had no sooner sat down than the phone rang.
no sooner … than زوج ثابت.
-
٩رتّب الكلمات لتكوين جملة صحيحة.
Every time I wash the car it rains
اعرض الإجابة
الإجابة: Every time I wash the car it rains.
every time = كلما.
-
١٠اختر الجملة الصحيحة.
أي جملة تعني الشيء نفسه؟
I’ll believe it when I see it.
- I believe it now that I have seen it.
- I saw it, so I believe it.
- I won’t believe it until I see it.
- I will see it after I believe it.
اعرض الإجابة
الإجابة: ج I won’t believe it until I see it.
التصديق ينتظر الرؤية: not … until.
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