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Engelse grammatica

Infinitieven en -ing-vormen met tijd en lijdende vorm

Infinitives and -ing forms that carry time and voice

C1 · Vergevorderd Werkwoorden en tijd Vragen 10

De regel

Infinitieven en -ing-vormen kunnen zelf tijd en lijdende vorm dragen. to have done plaatst de handeling vóór het hoofdwerkwoord (She seems to have left), to be doing toont iets wat bezig is, to be done en being done zijn passief (I hate being interrupted), en having done benadrukt dat iets al af was (Having finished the report, she went home). Na seem, appear, claim, pretend en is thought to pakt het Engels zo een hele bijzin in.

Patroon

to have + past participle (earlier) · to be + -ing (in progress) · to be + past participle / being + past participle (passive) · having + past participle (completed first) · seem / appear / claim / pretend / is thought + these forms

Voorbeelden

  1. The thieves seem to have entered through the back door.

    De dieven lijken via de achterdeur binnengekomen te zijn.

  2. She pretended to be reading when I walked in.

    Ze deed alsof ze zat te lezen toen ik binnenkwam.

  3. Nobody likes being told what to do.

    Niemand vindt het prettig om te horen wat hij moet doen.

  4. Having lived abroad for years, he found the move easy.

    Omdat hij jaren in het buitenland had gewoond, vond hij de verhuizing makkelijk.

Veelgemaakte fouten

  • Fout: He claims to see the accident yesterday.

    Goed: He claims to have seen the accident yesterday.

    Een eerdere handeling na claim: voltooide infinitief.

  • Fout: I hate interrupting when I am speaking.

    Goed: I hate being interrupted when I am speaking.

    Als het onderwerp de handeling ondergaat: passieve -ing-vorm.

  • Fout: Having finish the exam, we went out.

    Goed: Having finished the exam, we went out.

    having + voltooid deelwoord.

Oefenvragen

Probeer elke vraag eerst zelf en open dan „Toon antwoord” voor de oplossing en de reden.

  1. 1Kies de juiste zin.

    1. He seems to have forgotten our meeting.
    2. He seems to have forget our meeting.
    3. He seems having forgotten our meeting.
    4. He seems to forgotten our meeting.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A He seems to have forgotten our meeting.

    Een eerdere handeling na seem: to have + voltooid deelwoord.

  2. 2Kies de juiste zin.

    Wat zegt de zin over de tijd?

    She appears to have been crying.

    1. She never cries.
    2. She is crying at this moment and has never stopped.
    3. She was crying until shortly before now.
    4. She will cry later.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: C She was crying until shortly before now.

    De voltooide duur-infinitief: iets wat tot kort geleden bezig was.

  3. 3Vul het gat in.

    The windows need _____ before the winter.

    1. to be replaced
    2. be replaced
    3. to replace them
    4. replaced
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A The windows need to be replaced before the winter.

    De ramen ondergaan de handeling: passieve infinitief.

  4. 4Verander de zin.

    Zet de infinitief in de voltooide vorm.

    The bank is believed to lose millions in the crisis.

    1. The bank is believed to have lose millions in the crisis.
    2. The bank is believed to lost millions in the crisis.
    3. The bank is believed to have lost millions in the crisis.
    4. The bank is believed having lost millions in the crisis.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: C The bank is believed to have lost millions in the crisis.

    Een handeling in het verleden na een rapporterende passief: to have + voltooid deelwoord.

  5. 5Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

    I remember to be taken to the zoo as a small child.

    1. I remember having take to the zoo as a small child.
    2. I remember being taken to the zoo as a small child.
    3. I remember to have taken to the zoo as a small child.
    4. I remember be taken to the zoo as a small child.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B I remember being taken to the zoo as a small child.

    Een herinnering aan iets wat met je gebeurde: remember being + voltooid deelwoord.

  6. 6Kies de juiste zin.

    1. Have checked the figures twice, I sent the report.
    2. Having checked the figures twice, I sent the report.
    3. Having check the figures twice, I sent the report.
    4. Having been checked the figures twice, I sent the report.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B Having checked the figures twice, I sent the report.

    having + voltooid deelwoord: af vóór de hoofdhandeling.

  7. 7Kies de juiste zin.

    Welke zin betekent hetzelfde?

    He denied having read the letter.

    1. He read the letter and admitted it.
    2. He said he would not read the letter.
    3. He was not allowed to read the letter.
    4. He said he had not read the letter.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D He said he had not read the letter.

    deny having done geeft een ontkenning over het verleden weer.

  8. 8Zet de woorden in de juiste volgorde.

    She pretended to be asleep when we came in

    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: She pretended to be asleep when we came in.

    Een toestand na pretend: to be + bijvoeglijk naamwoord of -ing.

  9. 9Vul het gat in.

    He hates _____ in front of other people.

    1. being criticised
    2. be criticised
    3. to criticise
    4. criticising them
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A He hates being criticised in front of other people.

    Hij ondergaat de kritiek: passieve -ing-vorm.

  10. 10Verander de zin.

    Maak de -ing-vorm passief.

    She enjoys it when people praise her work.

    1. She enjoys to be praised her work.
    2. She enjoys praising her work.
    3. She enjoys being praise her work.
    4. She enjoys having her work praised.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D She enjoys having her work praised.

    have + voorwerp + voltooid deelwoord na enjoy: haar werk wordt geprezen.

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