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أفعال مساعدة تحمل الشعور: you might have told me

Modals that carry feeling: you might have told me

C1 · متقدم الأفعال والزمن الأسئلة ١٠

القاعدة

كثيرًا ما تحمل الأفعال المساعدة موقفًا لا حقيقة. might / could have مع التصريف الثالث عتاب: You might have told me! أي كان عليك أن تخبرني. وwill وwould تصفان سلوكًا معتادًا، ومع النبر تعبّران عن التذمر: He would say that, wouldn’t he?. وwould للعادات الماضية (للأفعال لا للحالات)، وMust you…? للإلحاح المتضايق، وmight as well لاختيار لا بديل أفضل منه.

النمط

might / could have + past participle (reproach) · will / would (stressed) + verb (typical, annoying) · He would say that (predictable) · would + verb (past habit) · Must you …? (irritation) · might / may as well (nothing better)

أمثلة

  1. You might have warned me that the road was closed.

    كان بإمكانك أن تحذرني من أن الطريق مغلق.

  2. He will keep interrupting, however often you ask him not to.

    سيظل يقاطع مهما طلبت منه ألا يفعل.

  3. Every summer we would pack the car and drive to the coast.

    كنا في كل صيف نحزم السيارة ونقود إلى الساحل.

  4. The last train has gone, so we might as well get a taxi.

    فات آخر قطار، فلنأخذ سيارة أجرة إذن.

أخطاء شائعة

  • خطأ: You might tell me yesterday!

    صحيح: You might have told me yesterday!

    العتاب على الماضي يحتاج might have مع التصريف الثالث.

  • خطأ: When I was young, I would have long hair.

    صحيح: When I was young, I used to have long hair.

    would الماضية للأفعال المتكررة لا للحالات.

  • خطأ: We might as well to walk.

    صحيح: We might as well walk.

    بعد might as well يأتي المصدر المجرد.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

  1. ١اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    ماذا يقصد المتحدث؟

    You could have asked before borrowing my car!

    1. You should have asked me first.
    2. You were able to ask, and you did.
    3. You asked, but I did not hear you.
    4. You may ask me next time, if you like.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: أ You should have asked me first.

    could have مع التصريف الثالث هنا عتاب.

  2. ٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    1. She will leave the lights on, however often I remind her.
    2. She will leaves the lights on, however often I remind her.
    3. She will to leave the lights on, however often I remind her.
    4. She would leaving the lights on, however often I remind her.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: أ She will leave the lights on, however often I remind her.

    will المنبورة مع المصدر: عادة معتادة مزعجة.

  3. ٣اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    ماذا يُلمّح المتحدث؟

    Well, he would say that — it’s his company.

    1. He is the only honest person here.
    2. His opinion is predictable because of his interests.
    3. He should say it, but he refuses to.
    4. He said it once and will never say it again.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب His opinion is predictable because of his interests.

    He would say that توحي بأن موقعه هو ما يجعله يقول ذلك.

  4. ٤أكمل الفراغ.

    When we were children, my grandmother _____ tell us stories every night.

    1. had
    2. will
    3. was
    4. would
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: د When we were children, my grandmother would tell us stories every night.

    عادة ماضية: would مع المصدر.

  5. ٥حوّل الجملة.

    انتقد بفعل مساعد.

    You didn’t tell me the meeting was cancelled.

    1. You may have tell me the meeting was cancelled.
    2. You might have told me the meeting was cancelled.
    3. You must told me the meeting was cancelled.
    4. You might tell me the meeting was cancelled.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب You might have told me the meeting was cancelled.

    العتاب: might have مع التصريف الثالث.

  6. ٦هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

    In those days I would live in a tiny flat above a bakery.

    1. In those days I was used to live in a tiny flat above a bakery.
    2. In those days I would have live in a tiny flat above a bakery.
    3. In those days I used to live in a tiny flat above a bakery.
    4. In those days I would lived in a tiny flat above a bakery.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ج In those days I used to live in a tiny flat above a bakery.

    live حالة فلا تناسبها would؛ استخدم used to.

  7. ٧اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    1. Must you playing that music so loud?
    2. Do you must play that music so loud?
    3. Must you play that music so loud?
    4. Must you to play that music so loud?
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ج Must you play that music so loud?

    Must you…? تعبّر عن الضيق مما يصرّ عليه أحد.

  8. ٨اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    ماذا يقصد المتحدث؟

    Nobody else is coming, so we may as well start.

    1. We are not allowed to start yet.
    2. There is no good reason to wait any longer.
    3. We started a long time ago.
    4. We are starting because it is the perfect time.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب There is no good reason to wait any longer.

    may as well = لا يوجد ما هو أفضل.

  9. ٩رتّب الكلمات لتكوين جملة صحيحة.

    You could at least have said thank you

    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: You could at least have said thank you.

    could at least have تزيد العتاب حدة.

  10. ١٠حوّل الجملة.

    قل إن ذلك كان من طبعه.

    He always left his bike in the hallway.

    1. He would leave his bike in the hallway.
    2. He will have left his bike in the hall.
    3. He was leave his bike in the hallway.
    4. He would left his bike in the hallway.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: أ He would leave his bike in the hallway.

    سلوك معتاد في الماضي: would مع المصدر.

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