أفعال النقل التي تحكم على الادعاء

أمثلة

1. The data clearly show that the scheme has worked.

   تُظهر البيانات بوضوح أن الخطة نجحت.

2. The company claims that no customer data was lost.

   تدّعي الشركة أنه لم تُفقد أي بيانات للعملاء.

3. The minister conceded that mistakes had been made.

   أقرّ الوزير بأن أخطاء قد ارتُكبت.

4. He is alleged to have taken bribes while in office.

   يُزعم أنه تلقى رشاوى أثناء توليه منصبه.

أخطاء شائعة

• ✗خطأ: Records claim that the town was founded in 1250, as everyone accepts.

  ✓صحيح: Records show that the town was founded in 1250.

  claim تثير الشك؛ استخدم show لما تقبله.

• ✗خطأ: He denied to have taken the money.

  ✓صحيح: He denied having taken the money.

  deny مع -ing لا مع to والمصدر.

• ✗خطأ: The spokesman declined commenting on the report.

  ✓صحيح: The spokesman declined to comment on the report.

  decline مع to والمصدر.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

1. ١اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   أي فعل يُظهر أن الكاتب يقبل الادعاء؟

   Reporting a study.

   1. أThe study purports to show the policy worked.
   2. بThe study demonstrates that the policy worked.
   3. جThe study claims that the policy worked.
   4. دThe study alleges that the policy worked.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب The study demonstrates that the policy worked.

   demonstrate تعرض النتيجة كأمر ثابت.

2. ٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   ماذا يُلمّح الكاتب؟

   The company claims that the product is completely safe.

   1. أThe writer has tested the product.
   2. بThe writer knows the product is safe.
   3. جThe writer is not vouching for the claim.
   4. دThe writer works for the company.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج The writer is not vouching for the claim.

   claim تُبقي الكاتب على مسافة.

3. ٣أكمل الفراغ.

   After weeks of pressure, the minister finally _____ that the figures were wrong.

   1. أclaimed
   2. بadmitted
   3. جalleged
   4. دpurported
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب After weeks of pressure, the minister finally admitted that the figures were wrong.

   admit تنقل إقرارًا على مضض.

4. ٤اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أHe denied to have leaked the documents.
   2. بHe denied that leaking the documents.
   3. جHe denied to leak the documents.
   4. دHe denied having leaked the documents.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د He denied having leaked the documents.

   deny مع صيغة -ing (التامة).

5. ٥اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   ما موقف الكاتب؟

   Supporters contend that the new stadium will pay for itself.

   1. أStating an established fact
   2. بAdmitting a mistake
   3. جDenying the argument
   4. دReporting an argument without endorsing it
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د Reporting an argument without endorsing it

   contend = يحتج؛ الكاتب لا ينحاز.

6. ٦حوّل الجملة.

   أوضح أن الكاتب لا يتبنى القول.

   The spokesman said that the delay was caused by the weather.

   1. أThe spokesman revealed that the delay was caused by the weather.
   2. بThe spokesman showed that the delay was caused by the weather.
   3. جThe spokesman proved that the delay was caused by the weather.
   4. دThe spokesman claimed that the delay was caused by the weather.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د The spokesman claimed that the delay was caused by the weather.

   claim تشير إلى أن الكاتب لا يضمن صحته.

7. ٧هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

   The report points out to the dangers of cutting the budget.

   1. أThe report points the dangers out to cutting the budget.
   2. بThe report points on the dangers of cutting the budget.
   3. جThe report points to out the dangers of cutting the budget.
   4. دThe report points out the dangers of cutting the budget.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د The report points out the dangers of cutting the budget.

   point out مع المفعول أو point to مع الاسم، لا الاثنان معًا.

8. ٨اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   أي فعل هو الأكثر تحفظًا؟

   Reporting what a survey found.

   1. أThe survey reveals that young people read less.
   2. بThe survey establishes that young people read less.
   3. جThe survey suggests that young people read less.
   4. دThe survey proves that young people read less.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج The survey suggests that young people read less.

   suggest متحفظة، والبقية تعرضه حقيقة.

9. ٩رتّب الكلمات لتكوين جملة صحيحة.

   The mayor is alleged to have misused public funds

   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: The mayor is alleged to have misused public funds.

   be alleged to have مع التصريف الثالث: اتهام لا حقيقة.

10. ١٠اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

    1. أThe minister acknowledged the target to have missed.
    2. بThe minister acknowledged that the target had been missed.
    3. جThe minister acknowledged that the target has missed.
    4. دThe minister acknowledged about the target being missed.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ب The minister acknowledged that the target had been missed.

    acknowledge that مع جملة؛ والهدف لم يتحقق (مبني للمجهول).