Deelwoordconstructies: twee gedachten in één zin

Voorbeelden

1. Having waited two hours, we gave up and went home.

   Na twee uur wachten gaven we het op en gingen naar huis.

2. Built in the 1960s, the block has no insulation at all.

   Gebouwd in de jaren zestig heeft het blok geen enkele isolatie.

3. Not knowing the area, I took the long way round.

   Omdat ik de buurt niet kende, nam ik de lange route.

4. Having been refused twice, she wrote to the ombudsman.

   Nadat ze twee keer was afgewezen, schreef ze de ombudsman.

Veelgemaakte fouten

• ✗Fout: Walking down the street, the shop was closed.

  ✓Goed: Walking down the street, I found the shop closed.

  De winkel liep niet; het onderwerp van het deelwoord moet dat van de hoofdzin zijn.

• ✗Fout: Having wrote the letter, she posted it.

  ✓Goed: Having written the letter, she posted it.

  having krijgt het voltooid deelwoord.

• ✗Fout: Being built in 1960, the block has no lift.

  ✓Goed: Built in 1960, the block has no lift.

  Voor een passieve toestand uit het verleden volstaat het kale deelwoord.

Oefenvragen

Probeer elke vraag eerst zelf en open dan „Toon antwoord” voor de oplossing en de reden.

1. 1Kies de juiste zin.

   1. AHaving checking the figures, I signed the form.
   2. BHaving checked the figures, I signed the form.
   3. CHave checked the figures, I signed the form.
   4. DHaving check the figures, I signed the form.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: B Having checked the figures, I signed the form.

   having plus voltooid deelwoord.

2. 2Kies de juiste zin.

   1. ABeing damage in the storm, the fence had to be replaced.
   2. BHaving damaged in the storm, the fence had to be replaced.
   3. CDamaged in the storm, the fence had to be replaced.
   4. DDamaging in the storm, the fence had to be replaced.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C Damaged in the storm, the fence had to be replaced.

   Het passieve deelwoord beschrijft wat het onderwerp overkwam.

3. 3Kies de juiste zin.

   1. AHaving not received a reply, we wrote again.
   2. BDo not having received a reply, we wrote again.
   3. CNot having received a reply, we wrote again.
   4. DNot receiving a reply, we have written again yesterday.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C Not having received a reply, we wrote again.

   De ontkenning staat vóór having.

4. 4Vul het gat in.

   _____ in 1890, the school is the oldest in the town.

   1. AFounding
   2. BFounded
   3. CBeing founding
   4. DHaving founded
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: B Founded in 1890, the school is the oldest in the town.

   Een passief deelwoord voor een gebeurtenis in het verleden.

5. 5Vul het gat in.

   _____ the file, she noticed two pages were missing.

   1. AHaving opened by
   2. BOpened
   3. COpening
   4. DBeing opened
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C Opening the file, she noticed two pages were missing.

   De -ing-vorm voor de eigen handeling van het onderwerp.

6. 6Vul het gat in.

   _____ told three times, he still parked there.

   1. AHaving been
   2. BHaving
   3. CBeing have
   4. DHave been
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: A Having been told three times, he still parked there.

   Eerder en passief: having been + deelwoord.

7. 7Vul het gat in.

   _____ what to do, I rang the helpline.

   1. ADo not know
   2. BNot to know
   3. CKnowing not
   4. DNot knowing
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: D Not knowing what to do, I rang the helpline.

   Een ontkennende -ing-zin geeft de reden.

8. 8Vul het gat in.

   The report, _____ last March, is already out of date.

   1. Awritten
   2. Bwriting
   3. Chaving written
   4. Dwrite
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: A The report, written last March, is already out of date.

   Een verkorte passieve betrekkelijke bijzin.

9. 9Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

   Welke zin is fout?

   1. AHaving eaten, we cleared the plates.
   2. BThe plates were cleared after we had eaten.
   3. CHaving eaten, the plates were cleared.
   4. DOnce we had eaten, the plates were cleared.
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C Having eaten, the plates were cleared.

   De borden hebben niet gegeten.

10. 10Deze zin klopt niet. Kies de verbetering.

    Welke zin is fout?

    1. ABecause it was built in 1970, they knocked it down.
    2. BBuilt in 1970, it was knocked down.
    3. CBeing built in 1970, they knocked it down.
    4. DThe block, built in 1970, was knocked down.
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: C Being built in 1970, they knocked it down.

    Het onderwerp van het deelwoord is niet they.