الجمل الحالية: فكرتان في جملة واحدة

أمثلة

1. Having waited two hours, we gave up and went home.

   بعد أن انتظرنا ساعتين استسلمنا وعدنا.

2. Built in the 1960s, the block has no insulation at all.

   شُيّد المبنى في الستينيات فلا عزل فيه إطلاقًا.

3. Not knowing the area, I took the long way round.

   لجهلي بالمنطقة سلكت الطريق الأطول.

4. Having been refused twice, she wrote to the ombudsman.

   بعد أن رُفضت مرتين كتبت إلى أمين المظالم.

أخطاء شائعة

• ✗خطأ: Walking down the street, the shop was closed.

  ✓صحيح: Walking down the street, I found the shop closed.

  المحل لم يكن يمشي، ففاعل الحال يجب أن يكون فاعل الجملة الرئيسة.

• ✗خطأ: Having wrote the letter, she posted it.

  ✓صحيح: Having written the letter, she posted it.

  تأخذ having التصريف الثالث.

• ✗خطأ: Being built in 1960, the block has no lift.

  ✓صحيح: Built in 1960, the block has no lift.

  للحال المجهولة الماضية يكفي التصريف الثالث وحده.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

1. ١اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أHaving checking the figures, I signed the form.
   2. بHaving checked the figures, I signed the form.
   3. جHave checked the figures, I signed the form.
   4. دHaving check the figures, I signed the form.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب Having checked the figures, I signed the form.

   having مع التصريف الثالث.

2. ٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أBeing damage in the storm, the fence had to be replaced.
   2. بHaving damaged in the storm, the fence had to be replaced.
   3. جDamaged in the storm, the fence had to be replaced.
   4. دDamaging in the storm, the fence had to be replaced.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج Damaged in the storm, the fence had to be replaced.

   التصريف الثالث يصف ما وقع على الفاعل.

3. ٣اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أHaving not received a reply, we wrote again.
   2. بDo not having received a reply, we wrote again.
   3. جNot having received a reply, we wrote again.
   4. دNot receiving a reply, we have written again yesterday.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج Not having received a reply, we wrote again.

   يسبق النفيُ having.

4. ٤أكمل الفراغ.

   _____ in 1890, the school is the oldest in the town.

   1. أFounding
   2. بFounded
   3. جBeing founding
   4. دHaving founded
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب Founded in 1890, the school is the oldest in the town.

   حال مجهولة لحدث ماضٍ.

5. ٥أكمل الفراغ.

   _____ the file, she noticed two pages were missing.

   1. أHaving opened by
   2. بOpened
   3. جOpening
   4. دBeing opened
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج Opening the file, she noticed two pages were missing.

   صيغة -ing لفعل الفاعل نفسه.

6. ٦أكمل الفراغ.

   _____ told three times, he still parked there.

   1. أHaving been
   2. بHaving
   3. جBeing have
   4. دHave been
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ Having been told three times, he still parked there.

   أسبق ومجهول: having been مع التصريف الثالث.

7. ٧أكمل الفراغ.

   _____ what to do, I rang the helpline.

   1. أDo not know
   2. بNot to know
   3. جKnowing not
   4. دNot knowing
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د Not knowing what to do, I rang the helpline.

   جملة -ing منفية تبيّن السبب.

8. ٨أكمل الفراغ.

   The report, _____ last March, is already out of date.

   1. أwritten
   2. بwriting
   3. جhaving written
   4. دwrite
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ The report, written last March, is already out of date.

   جملة موصولة مجهولة مختصرة.

9. ٩هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

   أي جملة خاطئة؟

   1. أHaving eaten, we cleared the plates.
   2. بThe plates were cleared after we had eaten.
   3. جHaving eaten, the plates were cleared.
   4. دOnce we had eaten, the plates were cleared.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج Having eaten, the plates were cleared.

   الأطباق لم تأكل.

10. ١٠هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

    أي جملة خاطئة؟

    1. أBecause it was built in 1970, they knocked it down.
    2. بBuilt in 1970, it was knocked down.
    3. جBeing built in 1970, they knocked it down.
    4. دThe block, built in 1970, was knocked down.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: ج Being built in 1970, they knocked it down.

    فاعل الحال ليس they.