النقل: متى يتغير الزمن ومتى لا يتغير

أمثلة

1. She said the shop opens at nine, so we went early.

   قالت إن المتجر يفتح التاسعة، فذهبنا مبكرًا.

2. He asked why the invoice had not been paid.

   سأل لماذا لم تُدفع الفاتورة.

3. They told us they would let us know the next day.

   أخبرونا أنهم سيبلغوننا في اليوم التالي.

4. She said she might not be able to come.

   قالت إنها قد لا تستطيع الحضور.

أخطاء شائعة

• ✗خطأ: He asked where was the office.

  ✓صحيح: He asked where the office was.

  السؤال المنقول يأخذ ترتيب الجملة الخبرية.

• ✗خطأ: She said she might could come.

  ✓صحيح: She said she might be able to come.

  لا يجتمع فعلان ناقصان، فتُستخدم be able to.

• ✗خطأ: He said the earth went round the sun.

  ✓صحيح: He said the earth goes round the sun.

  الحقيقة الدائمة لا يلزم تراجع زمنها.

تمارين محلولة

حاول أن تجيب بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح «اعرض الإجابة» لترى الحل وسببه.

1. ١اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أShe asked whether the room was still available.
   2. بShe asked that the room was still available.
   3. جShe asked whether was the room still available.
   4. دShe asked whether the room is still available yesterday.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ She asked whether the room was still available.

   الأسئلة المنقولة تفقد القلب.

2. ٢اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أHe say he is coming on Thursday.
   2. بHe says he is coming on Thursday.
   3. جHe says that he came on Thursday.
   4. دHe says he was coming on Thursday.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب He says he is coming on Thursday.

   فعل النقل المضارع لا يسبّب تراجعًا.

3. ٣اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

   1. أThey told me they have already paid yesterday.
   2. بThey told to me they had already paid.
   3. جThey told me they had already paid.
   4. دThey said me they had already paid.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج They told me they had already paid.

   tell تأخذ شخصًا وsay لا.

4. ٤أكمل الفراغ.

   He asked me _____ I had seen the letter.

   1. أwhat
   2. بif
   3. جthat
   4. دdid
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب He asked me if I had seen the letter.

   السؤال بنعم أو لا يُنقل بـ if أو whether.

5. ٥أكمل الفراغ.

   She said she _____ ring back the following morning.

   1. أshall
   2. بwould
   3. جwill
   4. دis going
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب She said she would ring back the following morning.

   will تتراجع إلى would.

6. ٦أكمل الفراغ.

   He told us the train _____ at platform four every day.

   1. أleaves
   2. بhas left
   3. جleft yesterday
   4. دwas leave
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: أ He told us the train leaves at platform four every day.

   جدول المواعيد ما يزال صحيحًا فلا لزوم للتراجع.

7. ٧أكمل الفراغ.

   She wanted to know what _____ .

   1. أhas happening
   2. بhappened did
   3. جdid happen
   4. دhad happened
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: د She wanted to know what had happened .

   الحدث الماضي تحت نقل ماضٍ يتراجع.

8. ٨أكمل الفراغ.

   He warned us that the road _____ closed the next day.

   1. أis being
   2. بwill be
   3. جwould be
   4. دwas be
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ج He warned us that the road would be closed the next day.

   مستقبل في الماضي يُعبَّر عنه بـ would.

9. ٩هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

   أي جملة خاطئة؟

   1. أShe asked me what time the meeting started.
   2. بShe asked me what time does the meeting start.
   3. جShe asked me when the meeting started.
   4. دShe asked what time the meeting was.
   اعرض الإجابة

   الإجابة: ب She asked me what time does the meeting start.

   لا يحتفظ السؤال المنقول بـ does.

10. ١٠هذه الجملة خاطئة. اختر التصحيح.

    أي جملة خاطئة؟

    1. أHe told me that he was busy.
    2. بHe said to me that he was busy.
    3. جHe said that he was busy.
    4. دHe said me that he was busy.
    اعرض الإجابة

    الإجابة: د He said me that he was busy.

    لا يأخذ say مفعولًا غير مباشر بغير to.